YACS - Yet Another CD Script :-) ================================ (better known as debian-cd) Copyright 1999-2001 Raphaël Hertzog This set of tools is licensed under the General Public License version 2 or any later version. You can find it in /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL on a Debian GNU system. Thanks to Steve McIntyre for his work on slink_cd/debian_cd. Some ideas come from his script. Thanks to all the contributors on the debian-cd mailing list. What is needed ? ================ Software : - the apt-get (>= 0.3.11.1) tool - apt-utils (for apt-ftparchive) - perl (>= 5.004) - bash (or another POSIX shell) - make - mkisofs/mkhybrid (mkisofs also provides the isoinfo binary used by the Pseudo Image Kit) - the perl Digest::MD5 module - lynx (for text version of README.html) - if you want to generate .list files: tempfile, as included in debianutils >= 1.6 (not absolutely necessary, workaround described in tools/pi-makelist) - if you want to generate jigdo files: jigdo-file (see below) Other : - lots of free space on your disks - a Debian mirror (on a partition where you can write, if you can't write on it then you may try to use a symlink farm but it's not the recommended way to build Debian CDs) ------------------------------- - GENERATING DEBIAN CD IMAGES - ------------------------------- For people that do not have time, here's the quick explanation : ================================================================ Edit the CONF.sh and change the PATHs for the mirror and so on. $ vim CONF.sh $ . CONF.sh $ make distclean $ make status $ make list COMPLETE=1 SIZELIMIT1=555000000 SRCSIZELIMIT=665000000 $ make official_images [ or if you want only binary images : $ make bin-official_images ] But you really should consider reading further for more information. You can also give a look at build.sh and build_all.sh for an automatized way of building CD images. How to build a CD set - step by step ==================================== If not yet done, cd to the /usr/share/debian-cd/ directory. The process of building a CD is decomposed as follow : - first configure what is needed in CONF.sh and source it in your shell $ . CONF.sh The exported environment variables will be used by all the tools involved here (Makefiles, perl scripts, shell scripts). If you want to build CD images for more than one arch, you will have to build them one after the other (you may use a shell script for this). Note that the temporary dir must be on the same device than the mirror because debian-cd uses hardlinks for generating an image tree. If you can't do this, you'll have to use the symlink farm. The symlink farm is explained at the end of this README. Keep in mind that the environment variables will stay in the environment after your debian-cd run, and may interfere with other program using the same variables (kernel-package for example ...). So if you want to be 100% safe, run debian-cd in a separate shell that you exit afterwards. - let's clean everything that may still be there from previous runs : $ make distclean - now we'll check if your mirror is ok (with good Packages files) : $ make mirrorcheck - then you will have to launch this for initializing the temporary directory used for the build : $ make status If this has failed then this will be automatically launched : $ make correctstatus However note that make status should never fail if it is used for building a CD set for the stable release ... - now you can decide what you want on your CDs $ make list TASK=tasks/debian-2.2 COMPLETE=1 or $ make list TASK=tasks/gnome COMPLETE=0 SIZELIMIT=576716800 or $ export NONFREE=1; make list TASK=tasks/your-task-here COMPLETE=1 or for something like an official image for the USA (without non-US & non-free) : $ make list COMPLETE=1 SIZELIMIT1=576716800 .... take a look at the file tasks/* to see the options you can have :) You can change the behaviour of this command with the following variables : - if NONUS is set, then packages from non-US will be allowed (the value of NONUS must be the path to the non-US mirror if you have one) - if FORCENONUSONCD1 is set also, then packages will be rearranged so that non-US packages are all on CD#1. This includes the non-free ones if you specify NONFREE. Then 2 separate copies of CD#1 will be produced, identical in every respect except for the inclusion/lack of non-US packages. The same happens for the source CDs when they are built. - if NONFREE is set, then packages from non-free will be allowed (NONFREE must be exported to all sub-shells) - if EXTRANONFREE is set, then non-free packages will be included on an extra CD (the last CD in fact). Don't use NONFREE and EXTRANONFREE at the same time ! (EXTRANONFREE must be exported to all sub-shells) - if COMPLETE is set, all packages that are not listed in the selected task file will be included at the end - if SIZELIMIT is set, it will be used as the maximum size that we can put into each CD - if SIZELIMIT (with beeing a integer) is set, it will be used as the maximum size of the X'th binary CD. SIZELIMIT overrides SIZELIMIT ... - if SRCSIZELIMIT is set, it's used as the maximum size for source CD - if SRCSIZELIMIT (with beeing an integer) is set, it will be used as the maximum size of the X'th source CD This target calls the targets "bin-list" and "src-list" that can be used to build only binary CDs or only source CDs. - it may be time to add the disks-arch stuff and to make the CDs bootable $ make bootable This does affect only the binary CDs. If you want to use boot-floppies built by yourself you can give a parameter BOOTDISKS= giving the directory where they are (note that $BOOTDISKS/current must be a symlink to the real directory, it must follow the same setup than in the FTP mirror). Your boot-floppies must also be on the same partiton than your mirror & temporary dir (hardlinks are used here too). All CD1 of officials images are bootable (CD for ARM are the exception) and the space required for this stuff may not always be taken into account in the size calculation. That's why you may need to adjust manually SIZELIMIT1 following the size of the boot-floppies set that you're using. - now, we'll add the binary packages to the temporary tree : $ make packages - and we'll add the sources to the temporary tree : $ make sources - if you want to install additional files : make bin-extras CD=1 ROOTSRC=/home/ftp/ DIR=goodies/wordperfect make src-extras CD=3 ROOTSRC=/home/ftp/ DIR=goodies/kernel-2.3 The first will copy /home/ftp/goodies/wordperfect/ on the first binary CD. It will be in /goodies/wordperfect ... you can call make extras multiple times if you need more. Please note that the files to be copied should be on the same partition than your mirror (unless you use a symlink farm). If you want to do customize your CD even more, you can use the hook system. Read below about them. - We can add an md5sum.txt file on each CD to enable users to check their files : $ make md5list This does call the targets 'bin-md5list' and 'src-md5list'. You can choose to call only bin-md5list if you're building only binary images. - now we can create the images $ make images If you don't have enough space for all images, you can generate only one image (of the second binary CD for example) with : $ make bin-image CD=2 Of course if you want to build all binary images you'll use : $ make bin-images And "make src-images" will generate the sources images. Note: I use here make images, but you could as well use make official_images since the latter is the same as the former with some dependencies on targets that you already launched (make bootable packages sources). - if you want to generate a MD5SUMS file with the md5sums of the images you can do it with : $ make imagesums Official images =============== If you use make official_images you're building CD images that have the same properties than official CD images but they still doesn't have the name of "Official Images". The name of the images is given by setting the OFFICIAL and DEBVERSION environment variable (check CONF.sh). Please never ever use the "Official" name for a CD image that you built yourself. The only images that can be called "Official" are the ones built by Debian itself and which are provided on Debian's servers. The default configuration shipped with this package will automatically name the images "Unofficial". CD will work exactly in the same way with all Debian tools, only the label is different. That means you can use build.sh and build_all.sh to build your "Unofficial" images without modifying anything. Local packages ============== If you provide some custom made packages and you want to put them on Debian CD set you can do it. Simply put your packages in $MIRROR/dists/$CODENAME/local/binary-$ARCH/
. The organization of this sub-tree is the same than what you can find in the main, contrib or non-free part. You may use different section names if you want. Be sure to create Packages files (and Sources.gz if you include sources). You can also put your local packages under $MIRROR/pool/local (just a new facility for people not wanting packages under dists). To include local packages, the LOCAL environment variable must be set to "1" while building the CDs. You can also set the LOCALDEBS environment variable, and it will be used instead of MIRROR when looking for local packages. Additional targets ================== Pseudo Image Kit ---------------- Those of you who will make images available to people for download may consider using the Pseudo Image Kit (cf http://www.debian.org/CD/ for more information). That's why you can launch "make pi-makelist" that will generate the *.list files for the images you've just generated. The tools/pi-makelist script needs the isoinfo binary. You can get the sources from http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html Alternatively (and certainly simpler for people using Debian system), the isoinfo binary is in the mkisofs package (since Debian potato at least). Jigdo ----- People wanting to offer the CD images in jigdo format (Jigsaw Download, the successor to the Pseudo-Image Kit), can indicate so by setting the DOJIGDO and related variables in CONF.sh. So this is not a target itself, but a modification of the "images" targets. You can choose only iso generation (default), only jigdo generation (for highly reduced disk usage), or both iso and jigdo generation. Information on jigdo is available at http://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd/ To generate the jigdo files and templates, the "jigdo-file" program is needed, which is available via that same URL. Jigdo-file creates and maintains a cache/database file with checksums of all files on your Debian mirror. The first time, this may take hours to be generated (use "top" to see what's going on), so it's wise to keep the cache in your homedir and not delete it ever. Note that jigdo-file can easily use 60+ MB of working memory, so don't use this on machines with less than 128 MB RAM. The MD5SUMS file generated by the "imagesums" target will contain the MD5 checksums of all generated images, regardless of the DOJIGDO setting. If no full iso image is available, the MD5sum will be extracted from the .template file. A note in the Makefile shows how the original file size can be extracted from the .template in a similar way. About the hook system ===================== A hook script can be executed at different times. You can specify the script by setting the HOOK variable to the script filename. It will get 2 arguments, the first is the CD number. The second depends on where/when the hook script is called. It can be 'before-scanpackages' or 'before-mkisofs' (their values are explicit ...). When the script is called, the current directory will be the temporary directory used for the build (aka $TDIR/$CODENAME-$ARCH). There are hooks only for binary CDs at the present time. If HOOK is not set, it will look for a script $BASEDIR/tools/$CODENAME.hook. About the symlink farm ====================== If you don't have write access on the disk where you have the mirror or if for another reason hardlink cannot be used, you can try to use a symlink farm. Instead of having real files, your temporary tree will be filled with symlinks that mkhybrid will change into files when it will build the image. You'll need to use a special options. You have 2 lines of options in CONF.sh as examples. I've never tested the symlink farm ... it may well generate unusable images. Don't use it for ISO images that will used by many users. Note that you will also need a patched mkhybrid that does support the -F option. Have a look here about it : http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~stevem/DebianCD/ The mkhybrid package in Debian does support this -F option since potato (Debian 2.2).