Dropping etch support.
This commit is contained in:
Daniel Baumann
parent
2d3c769856
commit
19e942d1dd
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choose-mirror
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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fdisk-udeb
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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fdisk-udeb
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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fdisk-udeb
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
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choose-mirror
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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pcmciautils-udeb
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wireless-tools-udeb
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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pcmciautils-udeb
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wireless-tools-udeb
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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pcmciautils-udeb
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wireless-tools-udeb
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
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choose-mirror
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
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# These udebs build the d-i cdrom initrd. As such, there is no reason
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# to keep another copy of them on the CD in udeb form.
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#
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# This duplicates data found in the file build/pkg-lists/kernel, in d-i svn
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kernel-image-*
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# build/pkg-lists/base in d-i svn
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rootskel
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main-menu
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cdebconf-udeb
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udpkg
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anna
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di-utils-shell
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di-utils-reboot
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lowmemcheck
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# build/pkg-lists/cdrom/common, in d-i svn (also included in the
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# root+cd-drivers floppies)
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busybox-udeb
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installation-locale
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localechooser
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iso-3166-udeb
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hw-detect
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cdrom-detect
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cdrom-retriever
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load-cdrom
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cdrom-checker
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bogl-bterm-udeb
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di-utils-terminfo
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cdebconf-priority
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cdebconf-newt-udeb
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usb-discover
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preseed-common
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initrd-preseed
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file-preseed
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nano-udeb
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floppy-retriever
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libfribidi0-udeb
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# Already on the initrd, thanks to library reduction.
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libdebconfclient0-udeb
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libdebian-installer-extra4-udeb
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# These udebs are only useful in building the boot floppy image.
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busybox-floppy-udeb
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rootskel-bootfloppy
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# gtk stuff
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cdebconf-gtk-udeb
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fontconfig-udeb
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libatk1.0-udeb
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libcairo-directfb2-udeb
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libdirectfb-0.9-22-udeb
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libdirectfb-0.9-25-udeb
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libexpat1-udeb
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libfreetype6-udeb
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libglib2.0-udeb
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libgtk-directfb-2.0-0-udeb
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libgtk2-engines-udeb
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libpango1.0-udeb
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libpng12-0-udeb
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libsdl1.2debian-udeb
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mouse-modules-*
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ttf-*
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fbset-udeb
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# We're currently using busybox's own shell, and do not need this one.
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dash-udeb
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# Not currently used
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cdebootstrap-udeb
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hdparm-udeb
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laptop-detect-udeb
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# These dhcp clients are not the currently preferred one.
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dhcp3-client-udeb
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# This package is only useful in the d-i-demo.
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di-utils-exit-installer
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# No need for these loaders.
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download-installer
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load-floppy
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# Only useful in the hd-media initrd.
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iso-scan
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load-iso
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# We're using busybox's modutils these days.
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modutils-basic
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modutils-full
|
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# Nothing currently depends on this, and it seems not useful on its own.
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reiserfsprogs-udeb
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# reiser4 is not in the Debian kernel.
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mkreiser4-udeb
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reiser4progs-udeb
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# No longer used by parted.
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libreiserfs0.3-udeb
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# These are not really needed, the regular netcfg subsumes them.
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netcfg-static
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# skolelinux stuff, not for the stock CDs
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debian-edu-install-udeb
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debian-edu-profile-udeb
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debian-edu-archive-keyring-udeb
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ltsp-client-builder
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autopartkit
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lvm10-udeb
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# If needed, will be on the initrd already.
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modutils-full
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module-init-tools-udeb
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env-preseed
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rescue-check
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rootskel-gtk
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cdebconf-text-udeb
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brltty-udeb
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klibc-utils-udeb
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libklibc-udeb
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udev-udeb
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ai-choosers
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auto-install
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# Obsolete
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libslang1-utf8-udeb
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discover-udeb
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discover-data-udeb
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discover1-udeb
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discover1-data-udeb
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libdiscover1-udeb
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# Eh?
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gnumach-udeb
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# Exclude apt-setup components; they will be included
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@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
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# These udebs are in the d-i cdrom initrd and the hd-media initrd.
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# As such, there is no reason to keep another copy of them on the CD
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# in udeb form.
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isa-pnp-modules-*
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socket-modules-*
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console-keymaps-at
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console-keymaps-usb
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fat-modules-*
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cdrom-core-modules-*
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cdrom-modules-*
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ide-modules-*
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ide-core-modules-*
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input-modules-*
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fb-modules-*
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kbd-chooser
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usb-modules-*
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usb-storage-modules-*
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scsi-core-modules-*
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# Not needed with the 2.6 kernel on amd64.
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userdevfs
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# The speakup kernel modules are not useful unless the access images are
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# provided.
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*-speakup-di
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# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
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partconf-mkfstab
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# Not needed on arches that use partman
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mdcfg
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lvmcfg
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@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
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# These udebs are in the d-i cdrom initrd and the cd-drivers+root floppies.
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# As such, there is no reason to keep another copy of them on the CD
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# in udeb form.
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isa-pnp-modules-*
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socket-modules-*
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console-keymaps-at
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console-keymaps-usb
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floppy-modules-*
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cdrom-core-modules-*
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cdrom-modules-*
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ide-modules-*
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ide-core-modules-*
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input-modules-*
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fb-modules-*
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kbd-chooser
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usb-modules-*
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usb-storage-modules-*
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scsi-core-modules-*
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# Not needed with the 2.4 kernel on i386.
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userdevfs
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# The speakup kernel modules are not useful unless the access images are
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# provided.
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*-speakup-di
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# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
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partconf-mkfstab
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# Not needed on arches that use partman
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mdcfg
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lvmcfg
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@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
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# These udebs build the d-i cdrom initrd. As such, there is no reason
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# to keep another copy of them on the CD in udeb form.
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#
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# This duplicates data found in the file build/pkg-lists/cdrom/powerpc,
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# in d-i Subversion.
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cdrom-core-modules-*
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console-keymaps-at
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console-keymaps-usb
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eject-udeb
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firewire-core-modules-*
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fs-common-modules-*
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ide-modules-*
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input-modules-*
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kbd-chooser
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scsi-common-modules-*
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scsi-core-modules-*
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scsi-modules-*
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socket-modules-*
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usb-modules-*
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usb-storage-modules-*
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|
||||||
# Not needed with the 2.4 kernel on powerpc.
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userdevfs
|
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# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
|
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partconf-mkfstab
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|
||||||
# Not needed on arches that use partman
|
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mdcfg
|
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lvmcfg
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
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# S/390 does not support loading udebs off the CD image,
|
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# so we can exclude all udebs from it
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*
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
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# Only needed on arches that use partconf or autopartkit.
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partconf-mkfstab
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# Not needed on arches that use partman
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mdcfg
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lvmcfg
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
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choose-mirror
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
|
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choose-mirror
|
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netcfg
|
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ethdetect
|
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pcmcia-cs-udeb
|
|
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pcmciautils-udeb
|
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wireless-tools-udeb
|
|
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|
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
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ethdetect
|
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pcmcia-cs-udeb
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||||||
pcmciautils-udeb
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|
||||||
wireless-tools-udeb
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
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||||||
ethdetect
|
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pcmcia-cs-udeb
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||||||
pcmciautils-udeb
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||||||
wireless-tools-udeb
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||||||
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
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choose-mirror
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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|
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
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||||||
ethdetect
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
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choose-mirror
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netcfg
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ethdetect
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
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ethdetect
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||||||
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
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||||||
ethdetect
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||||||
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
choose-mirror
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|
||||||
netcfg
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||||||
ethdetect
|
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||||||
|
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
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|
||||||
ethdetect
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||||||
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
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||||||
ethdetect
|
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|
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@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
choose-mirror
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|
||||||
netcfg
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ethdetect
|
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||||||
|
|
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
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@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
choose-mirror
|
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
wireless-tools-udeb
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
wireless-tools-udeb
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
pcmcia-cs-udeb
|
|
||||||
pcmciautils-udeb
|
|
||||||
wireless-tools-udeb
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
choose-mirror
|
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
choose-mirror
|
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
netcfg
|
|
||||||
ethdetect
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
apt-mirror-setup
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh -e
|
#!/bin/sh -e
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Static variables
|
# Static variables
|
||||||
DISTRIBUTIONS="${DISTRIBUTIONS:-etch lenny sid}"
|
DISTRIBUTIONS="${DISTRIBUTIONS:-lenny squeeze sid}"
|
||||||
FLAVOURS="${FLAVOURS:-standard rescue gnome-desktop kde-desktop lxde-desktop xfce-desktop}"
|
FLAVOURS="${FLAVOURS:-standard rescue gnome-desktop kde-desktop lxde-desktop xfce-desktop}"
|
||||||
SOURCE="${SOURCE:-enabled}"
|
SOURCE="${SOURCE:-enabled}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install beryl and enable aiglx.
|
|
||||||
# It was originally written by Inigo Tejedor Arrondo <inigo@navarrux.org>.
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
|
|
||||||
# directory.
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# For forcing aiglx activation type at boot prompt "live forceaiglx".
|
|
||||||
# For forcing aiglx deactivation type "live noaiglx".
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Importing archive signing key
|
|
||||||
wget -O - http://debian.beryl-project.org/root@lupine.me.uk.gpg | apt-key add -
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Updating indices
|
|
||||||
apt-get update
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Installing packages
|
|
||||||
PACKAGES="beryl beryl-core beryl-manager beryl-plugins beryl-settings beryl-settings-bindings beryl-settings-simple mesa-utils"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
dpkg -s gnome-core > /dev/null 2>&1 && PACKAGES="${PACKAGES} emerald emerald-themes heliodor"
|
|
||||||
dpkg -s kde-core > /dev/null 2>&1 && PACKAGES="${PACKAGES} aquamarine"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
apt-get install --yes ${PACKAGES}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Adding init script
|
|
||||||
cat > /etc/init.d/aiglx << EOF
|
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
|
||||||
activate_3d()
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
activate_aiglx
|
|
||||||
activate_beryl
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
activate_aiglx()
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
echo "" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
|
|
||||||
echo "# Added by beryl-hook.sh" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
|
|
||||||
echo "Section \"Extensions\"" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
|
|
||||||
echo " Option \"Composite\" \"Enable\"" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
|
|
||||||
echo "EndSection" >> /etc/X11/xorg.conf
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sed -i -e "s/Section \"Device\""/"Section \"Device\"\n\t Option \"XAANoOffscreenPixmaps\" \"true\"\n\t Option \"AddARGBGLXVisuals\" \"on\"\n\t Option \"AllowGLXWithComposite\" \"true\"/" -e "s/Section \"Module\""/"Section \"Module\"\n\t Load \"i2c\"\n\t Load \"int10\"\n\t Load \"xtrap\"\n\t Load \"vbe\"/" /etc/X11/xorg.conf
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
activate_beryl()
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
# http://standards.freedesktop.org/autostart-spec/autostart-spec-latest.html
|
|
||||||
! [ -d /etc/xdg/autostart ] && mkdir -p /etc/xdg/autostart
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cat > /etc/xdg/autostart/beryl-manager.desktop << EOS
|
|
||||||
[Desktop Entry]
|
|
||||||
Encoding=UTF-8
|
|
||||||
Name=Beryl Manager
|
|
||||||
GenericName=3D Window Manager
|
|
||||||
Comment=Beryl Manager daemon
|
|
||||||
Icon=
|
|
||||||
Exec=beryl-starter
|
|
||||||
Terminal=false
|
|
||||||
Type=Application
|
|
||||||
Categories=
|
|
||||||
EOS
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cat > /usr/local/bin/beryl-starter << EOS
|
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
|
||||||
glxinfo > /dev/null 2>&1 && beryl-manager
|
|
||||||
EOS
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
chmod 0755 /usr/local/bin/beryl-starter
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if ! cat /proc/cmdline | grep noaiglx > /dev/null
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
echo "Configuring xorg for aiglx..."
|
|
||||||
activate_3d
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
EOF
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
chmod 0755 /etc/init.d/aiglx
|
|
||||||
update-rc.d aiglx defaults
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install ipw2100 drivers
|
|
||||||
# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
|
|
||||||
# directory.
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# Note: This hook requires packages from the contrib category. Make sure you enabled
|
|
||||||
# it in your configuration.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
apt-get install --yes build-essential
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Building kernel module
|
|
||||||
which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
|
|
||||||
module-assistant update
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install ipw2100 -l ${VERSION}
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant clean ipw2100
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Installing firmware (http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net/firmware.php)
|
|
||||||
wget --referer "http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net/firmware.php" "http://ipw2100.sourceforge.net/firmware.php?i_agree_to_the_license=yes&f=ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz" -O /tmp/ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cd /tmp
|
|
||||||
tar xfvz ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz
|
|
||||||
mv ipw2100-1.3* /lib/firmware
|
|
||||||
rm -f ipw2100-fw-1.3.tgz
|
|
||||||
cd ${OLDPWD}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install ipw2200 drivers
|
|
||||||
# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
|
|
||||||
# directory.
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# Note: This hook requires packages from the contrib category. Make sure you enabled
|
|
||||||
# it in your configuration.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
apt-get install --yes build-essential
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Building kernel mdoule
|
|
||||||
which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
|
|
||||||
module-assistant update
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install ipw2200 -l ${VERSION}
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant clean ipw2200
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Installing firmware (http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php)
|
|
||||||
wget --referer "http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php" "http://ipw2200.sourceforge.net/firmware.php?i_agree_to_the_license=yes&f=ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz" -O /tmp/ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cd /tmp
|
|
||||||
tar xfvz ipw2200-fw-3.0.tgz
|
|
||||||
cp ipw2200-fw-3.0/*.fw /lib/firmware/
|
|
||||||
rm -rf ipw2200-fw-3.0*
|
|
||||||
cd ${OLDPWD}
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install ipw3945 drivers
|
|
||||||
# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
|
|
||||||
# directory.
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# Note: This hook requires packages from the contrib and non-free category. Make
|
|
||||||
# sure you enabled it in your configuration.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
apt-get install --yes build-essential
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Building kernel module
|
|
||||||
which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
|
|
||||||
module-assistant update
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install ipw3945 -l ${VERSION}
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant clean ipw3945
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Installing additional stuff
|
|
||||||
apt-get install firmware-ipw3945 ipw3945d
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# hackish, autorun regulatory daemon, update-rc.d will reject that
|
|
||||||
ln -s /etc/init.d/ipw3945d /etc/rc2.d/S19ipw3945d
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
#!/bin/sh
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# This is a hook for live-helper(7) to install unionfs drivers
|
|
||||||
# To enable it, copy or symlink this hook into your config/chroot_local-hooks
|
|
||||||
# directory.
|
|
||||||
#
|
|
||||||
# Note: You only want to use this hook if there is no prebuild unionfs-modules-*
|
|
||||||
# package available for your kernel flavour.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
apt-get install --yes build-essential
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Building kernel module
|
|
||||||
which module-assistant || apt-get install --yes module-assistant
|
|
||||||
module-assistant update
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for KERNEL in /boot/vmlinuz-*
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
VERSION="$(basename ${KERNEL} | sed -e 's|vmlinuz-||')"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant --non-inter --quiet auto-install unionfs -l ${VERSION}
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
module-assistant clean unionfs
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ -d /usr/share/config ]
|
if [ -d /usr/share/config ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
# KDE3 (etch/lenny)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cat > /usr/share/config/kpdfpartrc << EOF
|
cat > /usr/share/config/kpdfpartrc << EOF
|
||||||
[General]
|
[General]
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -36,12 +36,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Setting package manager
|
# Setting package manager
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
LH_APT="${LH_APT:-apt}"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
LH_APT="${LH_APT:-aptitude}"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
LH_APT="${LH_APT:-apt}"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Setting apt ftp proxy
|
# Setting apt ftp proxy
|
||||||
if [ -z "${LH_APT_FTP_PROXY}" ] && [ -n "${ftp_proxy}" ]
|
if [ -z "${LH_APT_FTP_PROXY}" ] && [ -n "${ftp_proxy}" ]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -142,15 +137,6 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_INITRAMFS}" = "auto" ]
|
if [ "${LH_INITRAMFS}" = "auto" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
case "${LH_MODE}" in
|
case "${LH_MODE}" in
|
||||||
debian|debian-release)
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
LH_INITRAMFS="casper"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
LH_INITRAMFS="live-initramfs"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
ubuntu)
|
ubuntu)
|
||||||
LH_INITRAMFS="casper"
|
LH_INITRAMFS="casper"
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
@ -431,15 +417,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
LH_EXPOSED_ROOT="${LH_EXPOSED_ROOT:-disabled}"
|
LH_EXPOSED_ROOT="${LH_EXPOSED_ROOT:-disabled}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Setting union filesystem
|
# Setting union filesystem
|
||||||
if [ -z "${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}" ]
|
LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM="${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM:-aufs}"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM="unionfs"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM="aufs"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# LH_HOOKS
|
# LH_HOOKS
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -568,12 +546,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sparc)
|
sparc)
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
LH_LINUX_FLAVOURS="sparc64"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
LH_LINUX_FLAVOURS="sparc32"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
LH_LINUX_FLAVOURS="sparc64"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
arm|armel|m68k)
|
arm|armel|m68k)
|
||||||
|
|
@ -594,7 +567,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
case "${LH_MODE}" in
|
case "${LH_MODE}" in
|
||||||
debian|debian-release|embedian)
|
debian|debian-release|embedian)
|
||||||
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
||||||
etch|lenny|squeeze)
|
lenny|squeeze)
|
||||||
LH_LINUX_PACKAGES="linux-image-2.6 \${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}-modules-2.6"
|
LH_LINUX_PACKAGES="linux-image-2.6 \${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}-modules-2.6"
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -606,7 +579,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" = "squashfs" ]
|
if [ "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" = "squashfs" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
||||||
etch|lenny)
|
lenny)
|
||||||
LH_LINUX_PACKAGES="${LH_LINUX_PACKAGES} squashfs-modules-2.6"
|
LH_LINUX_PACKAGES="${LH_LINUX_PACKAGES} squashfs-modules-2.6"
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
esac
|
esac
|
||||||
|
|
@ -969,15 +942,7 @@ Set_defaults ()
|
||||||
LH_SYSLINUX_TIMEOUT="${LH_SYSLINUX_TIMEOUT:-0}"
|
LH_SYSLINUX_TIMEOUT="${LH_SYSLINUX_TIMEOUT:-0}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Setting syslinux menu
|
# Setting syslinux menu
|
||||||
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
LH_SYSLINUX_MENU="${LH_SYSLINUX_MENU:-enabled}"
|
||||||
etch)
|
|
||||||
LH_SYSLINUX_MENU="${LH_SYSLINUX_MENU:-disabled}"
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*)
|
|
||||||
LH_SYSLINUX_MENU="${LH_SYSLINUX_MENU:-enabled}"
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
esac
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Setting syslinux menu live entries
|
# Setting syslinux menu live entries
|
||||||
case "${LH_MODE}" in
|
case "${LH_MODE}" in
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1047,22 +1012,6 @@ Check_defaults ()
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
# etch + live-initramfs
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_INITRAMFS}" = "live-initramfs" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
Echo_warning "You selected LH_DISTRIBUTION='etch' and LH_INITRAMFS='live-initramfs'. This configuration is potentially unsafe as live-initramfs is not part of the etch distribution. Either make sure that live-initramfs is installable (e.g. through setting up etch-backports repository as third-party source or putting a valid live-initramfs deb into config/chroot_local-packages) or change your config to the etch default (casper)."
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# etch + aufs
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM}" = "aufs" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
Echo_warning "You selected LH_DISTRIBUTION='etch' and LH_UNION_FILESYSTEM='aufs'. This configuration is potentially unsafe as live-initramfs is not part of the etch distribution. Either make sure that live-initramfs is installable (e.g. through setting up etch-backports repository as third-party source or putting a valid live-initramfs deb into config/chroot_local-packages) or change your config to the etch default (casper)."
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if echo ${LH_PACKAGES_LISTS} | grep -qs -E "(stripped|minimal)\b"
|
if echo ${LH_PACKAGES_LISTS} | grep -qs -E "(stripped|minimal)\b"
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
# aptitude + stripped|minimal
|
# aptitude + stripped|minimal
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
|
||||||
# under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
|
# under certain conditions; see COPYING for details.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Debian releases
|
# Debian releases
|
||||||
RELEASE_etch="4.0 r8"
|
|
||||||
RELEASE_lenny="5.0.3"
|
RELEASE_lenny="5.0.3"
|
||||||
RELEASE_squeeze="6"
|
RELEASE_squeeze="6"
|
||||||
RELEASE_sid="unstable"
|
RELEASE_sid="unstable"
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -85,12 +85,6 @@ case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
tar|usb-hdd)
|
tar|usb-hdd)
|
||||||
DESTDIR="binary/install"
|
DESTDIR="binary/install"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Workaround for syslinux (<< 3.36) which doesn't support long file/path names
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ] && [ "${LH_BOOTLOADER}" = "syslinux" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
DESTDIR="binary"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*)
|
*)
|
||||||
|
|
@ -138,12 +132,7 @@ case "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" in
|
||||||
DI_REMOTE_KERNEL="$(basename chroot/boot/vmlinuz-*${DEFAULT_FLAVOUR})"
|
DI_REMOTE_KERNEL="$(basename chroot/boot/vmlinuz-*${DEFAULT_FLAVOUR})"
|
||||||
DI_REMOTE_BASE_GTK="none"
|
DI_REMOTE_BASE_GTK="none"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
DI_REMOTE_BASE="cdrom"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
DI_REMOTE_BASE="cdrom/2.6"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
DI_REMOTE_BASE="cdrom"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
*)
|
*)
|
||||||
case "${DI_IMAGE_TYPE}" in
|
case "${DI_IMAGE_TYPE}" in
|
||||||
|
|
@ -236,22 +225,6 @@ VMLINUZ_GI="gtk/vmlinuz"
|
||||||
INITRD_GI="gtk/initrd.gz"
|
INITRD_GI="gtk/initrd.gz"
|
||||||
DESTDIR_GI="${DESTDIR}/gtk"
|
DESTDIR_GI="${DESTDIR}/gtk"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Workaround for syslinux (<< 3.36) which doesn't support long file/path names
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
|
|
||||||
usb-hdd|tar)
|
|
||||||
VMLINUZ_DI="vmlinuz.di"
|
|
||||||
INITRD_DI="initrddi.gz"
|
|
||||||
DESTDIR_DI="${DESTDIR}"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
VMLINUZ_GI="vmlinuz.gi"
|
|
||||||
INITRD_GI="initrdgi.gz"
|
|
||||||
DESTDIR_GI="${DESTDIR}"
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
esac
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "daily" ]
|
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "daily" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION="sid"
|
LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION="sid"
|
||||||
|
|
@ -297,13 +270,7 @@ if [ "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" = "sparc" ] && [ "${DI_IMAGE_TYPE}" = "netboot" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
# There are no prepared kernel/initrd pairs for sparc netboot so we
|
# There are no prepared kernel/initrd pairs for sparc netboot so we
|
||||||
# must unpack them from a mini.iso
|
# must unpack them from a mini.iso
|
||||||
|
Download_file mini.iso ${URL}/mini.iso
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
Download_file mini.iso ${URL}/combined/2.6/mini.iso
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
Download_file mini.iso ${URL}/mini.iso
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mkdir mini.tmp
|
mkdir mini.tmp
|
||||||
${LH_ROOT_COMMAND} mount -o loop -t iso9660 mini.iso mini.tmp
|
${LH_ROOT_COMMAND} mount -o loop -t iso9660 mini.iso mini.tmp
|
||||||
|
|
@ -367,21 +334,11 @@ then
|
||||||
sparc)
|
sparc)
|
||||||
DI_REQ_PACKAGES="silo"
|
DI_REQ_PACKAGES="silo"
|
||||||
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_REQ_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-sparc64 linux-image-2.6-sparc64-smp"
|
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_REQ_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-sparc64 linux-image-2.6-sparc64-smp"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-sparc32"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
powerpc)
|
powerpc)
|
||||||
DI_REQ_PACKAGES="yaboot"
|
DI_REQ_PACKAGES="yaboot"
|
||||||
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_REQ_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-powerpc linux-image-2.6-powerpc64 linux-image-2.6-powerpc-smp"
|
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_REQ_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-powerpc linux-image-2.6-powerpc64 linux-image-2.6-powerpc-smp"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
DI_PACKAGES="${DI_PACKAGES} linux-image-2.6-prep"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
esac
|
esac
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -560,7 +517,7 @@ then
|
||||||
done < exclude
|
done < exclude
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Enable live-installer
|
# Enable live-installer
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" = "live" ] && [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" = "live" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
# Remove local udebs
|
# Remove local udebs
|
||||||
rm -f pool/main/b/base-installer/bootstrap-base_*.udeb
|
rm -f pool/main/b/base-installer/bootstrap-base_*.udeb
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -78,11 +78,7 @@ Grub_install_entry ()
|
||||||
INITRD="${3}"
|
INITRD="${3}"
|
||||||
APPEND="${4}"
|
APPEND="${4}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Boot in quiet mode where appropriate
|
QAPPEND="quiet"
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
QAPPEND="quiet"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
|
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
|
||||||
do
|
do
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Grub_install_entry ()
|
||||||
INITRD="${3}"
|
INITRD="${3}"
|
||||||
APPEND="${4}"
|
APPEND="${4}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
|
if [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
APPEND="${APPEND} quiet"
|
APPEND="${APPEND} quiet"
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -133,12 +133,7 @@ case "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" in
|
||||||
DU_DIM="$(du -ks chroot/chroot | cut -f1)"
|
DU_DIM="$(du -ks chroot/chroot | cut -f1)"
|
||||||
REAL_DIM="$(Calculate_partition_size ${DU_DIM} ${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM})"
|
REAL_DIM="$(Calculate_partition_size ${DU_DIM} ${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM})"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
RESERVED_PERCENTAGE="--reserved-percentage"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
RESERVED_PERCENTAGE="--reserved-blocks"
|
|
||||||
else
|
|
||||||
RESERVED_PERCENTAGE="--reserved-percentage"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
case "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" in
|
case "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" in
|
||||||
enabled)
|
enabled)
|
||||||
|
|
@ -301,10 +296,7 @@ case "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" in
|
||||||
# Remove stale squashfs image
|
# Remove stale squashfs image
|
||||||
rm -f chroot/filesystem.squashfs
|
rm -f chroot/filesystem.squashfs
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${_QUIET}" = "enabled" ] && [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -no-progress"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -no-progress"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${_VERBOSE}" = "enabled" ]
|
if [ "${_VERBOSE}" = "enabled" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
|
|
@ -366,15 +358,6 @@ case "${LH_CHROOT_FILESYSTEM}" in
|
||||||
if [ -f config/binary_rootfs/excludes ]
|
if [ -f config/binary_rootfs/excludes ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
case "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" in
|
||||||
etch)
|
|
||||||
MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -ef config/binary_rootfs/excludes"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if grep '*' config/binary_rootfs/excludes > /dev/null
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
Echo_warning "etch squashfs does not support wildcard excludes in config/binary_rootfs/excludes and are ignored. Please build in chrooted mode or adjust your exclude file."
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
;;
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
lenny|sid)
|
lenny|sid)
|
||||||
MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -wildcards -ef config/binary_rootfs/excludes"
|
MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS="${MKSQUASHFS_OPTIONS} -wildcards -ef config/binary_rootfs/excludes"
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Silo_install_entry ()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
DIRECTORY="/$(basename ${DESTDIR_INSTALL})"
|
DIRECTORY="/$(basename ${DESTDIR_INSTALL})"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
|
if [ "${LABEL}" != "rescue" ] && [ "${LABEL}" != "rescuegui" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
APPEND="${APPEND} quiet"
|
APPEND="${APPEND} quiet"
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -149,10 +149,7 @@ Syslinux_install_entry ()
|
||||||
APPEND="${4}"
|
APPEND="${4}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Boot in quiet mode where appropriate
|
# Boot in quiet mode where appropriate
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
QAPPEND="quiet"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
QAPPEND="quiet"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
|
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
|
||||||
do
|
do
|
||||||
|
|
@ -351,47 +348,6 @@ Configure_syslinux_templates ()
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
esac
|
esac
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Syslinux v3.31 in etch does not support include statements
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
while grep -qs ^include ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
INCLUDES=$(grep ^include ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg | awk '{print $2}')
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for FILE_PATH in ${INCLUDES}
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
FILE_NAME=$(basename ${FILE_PATH})
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
sed -i -e '\@include '${FILE_PATH}'@ {
|
|
||||||
r '${SCREEN_PATH}/${FILE_NAME}'
|
|
||||||
d
|
|
||||||
}' ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# remove the files, which were included
|
|
||||||
if [ -e ${SCREEN_PATH}/${FILE_NAME} ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
rm -f ${SCREEN_PATH}/${FILE_NAME}
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ -e ${SCREEN_PATH}/live.cfg ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
cat ${SCREEN_PATH}/live.cfg >> ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg
|
|
||||||
rm -f ${SCREEN_PATH}/live.cfg
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Syslinux v3.31 in etch does not support sub directories, /path/kernel,
|
|
||||||
# when using FAT hard drive images, remove leading /'s
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" = "usb-hdd" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
for FILE in ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg ${SCREEN_PATH}/boot.txt
|
|
||||||
do
|
|
||||||
sed -i -e 's|/||' ${FILE}
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Setting up common variables
|
# Setting up common variables
|
||||||
|
|
@ -440,21 +396,6 @@ case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
|
||||||
LIVE_INSTALL_KERNEL_PATH="/install"
|
LIVE_INSTALL_KERNEL_PATH="/install"
|
||||||
LIVE_SCREEN_PATH="/syslinux"
|
LIVE_SCREEN_PATH="/syslinux"
|
||||||
LIVE_DATA_PATH="${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}"
|
LIVE_DATA_PATH="${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Syslinux v3.31 in etch does not support sub directories, /path/kernel,
|
|
||||||
# when using FAT hard drive images
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ] && [ "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" = "usb-hdd" ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
SYSLINUX_PATH="binary"
|
|
||||||
KERNEL_PATH="binary"
|
|
||||||
SCREEN_PATH="binary"
|
|
||||||
DATA_PATH="binary"
|
|
||||||
LIVE_KERNEL_PATH=""
|
|
||||||
LIVE_INSTALL_KERNEL_PATH=""
|
|
||||||
LIVE_SCREEN_PATH=""
|
|
||||||
LIVE_DATA_PATH=""
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
MEDIA="hd-media"
|
MEDIA="hd-media"
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
esac
|
esac
|
||||||
|
|
@ -679,10 +620,7 @@ case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
|
||||||
sed -i -e "s|^include |include ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/|g" "${FILE}"
|
sed -i -e "s|^include |include ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/|g" "${FILE}"
|
||||||
done
|
done
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
sed -i -e "s| f| ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/f|g" ${SCREEN_PATH}/prompt.cfg
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
sed -i -e "s| f| ${LIVE_SCREEN_PATH}/f|g" ${SCREEN_PATH}/prompt.cfg
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mv ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg ${KERNEL_PATH}/pxelinux.cfg/default
|
mv ${SCREEN_PATH}/syslinux.cfg ${KERNEL_PATH}/pxelinux.cfg/default
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -42,31 +42,29 @@ Check_lockfile .lock
|
||||||
# Creating lock file
|
# Creating lock file
|
||||||
Create_lockfile .lock
|
Create_lockfile .lock
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
case "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" in
|
||||||
then
|
amd64|i386|lpia)
|
||||||
case "${LH_ARCHITECTURE}" in
|
if [ "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" = "enabled" ]
|
||||||
amd64|i386|lpia)
|
then
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_CHROOT_BUILD}" = "enabled" ]
|
# Checking depends
|
||||||
then
|
Check_package chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/win32-loader.exe win32-loader
|
||||||
# Checking depends
|
|
||||||
Check_package chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/win32-loader.exe win32-loader
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Restoring cache
|
# Restoring cache
|
||||||
Restore_cache cache/packages_binary
|
Restore_cache cache/packages_binary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Installing depends
|
# Installing depends
|
||||||
Install_package
|
Install_package
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Copying win32-loader
|
# Copying win32-loader
|
||||||
cp chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
|
cp chroot/usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
|
||||||
else
|
else
|
||||||
cp /usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
|
cp /usr/lib/win32-loader/* binary
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mv binary/win32-loader.exe binary/setup.exe
|
mv binary/win32-loader.exe binary/setup.exe
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" != "disabled" ]
|
if [ "${LH_DEBIAN_INSTALLER}" != "disabled" ]
|
||||||
then
|
then
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
cat > binary/win32-loader.ini << EOF
|
cat > binary/win32-loader.ini << EOF
|
||||||
[installer]
|
[installer]
|
||||||
|
|
@ -81,20 +79,19 @@ g2ldr=g2ldr
|
||||||
g2ldr.mbr=g2ldr.mbr
|
g2ldr.mbr=g2ldr.mbr
|
||||||
EOF
|
EOF
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
fi
|
fi
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Saving cache
|
# Saving cache
|
||||||
Save_cache cache/packages_binary
|
Save_cache cache/packages_binary
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Removing depends
|
# Removing depends
|
||||||
Remove_package
|
Remove_package
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*)
|
*)
|
||||||
Echo_warning "win32-loader inclusion is enabled but not compatible with your architecture, ignoring."
|
Echo_warning "win32-loader inclusion is enabled but not compatible with your architecture, ignoring."
|
||||||
;;
|
;;
|
||||||
esac
|
esac
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Creating stage file
|
# Creating stage file
|
||||||
Create_stagefile .stage/binary_win32-loader
|
Create_stagefile .stage/binary_win32-loader
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -84,10 +84,7 @@ Yaboot_install_entry ()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
DIRECTORY="/$(basename ${DESTDIR_INSTALL})"
|
DIRECTORY="/$(basename ${DESTDIR_INSTALL})"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" != "etch" ]
|
QAPPEND="quiet"
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
QAPPEND="quiet"
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
|
for TYPE in Install Expert Rescue Auto
|
||||||
do
|
do
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -40,12 +40,6 @@ Create_lockfile .lock
|
||||||
# Removing udev mac caching rule
|
# Removing udev mac caching rule
|
||||||
rm -f chroot/etc/udev/rules.d/*persistent-net.rules
|
rm -f chroot/etc/udev/rules.d/*persistent-net.rules
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Remove resume
|
|
||||||
if [ "${LH_DISTRIBUTION}" = "etch" ] && [ -e /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume ]
|
|
||||||
then
|
|
||||||
rm -f /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
|
case "${LH_BINARY_IMAGES}" in
|
||||||
net)
|
net)
|
||||||
if [ ! -f chroot/usr/bin/smbmount ]
|
if [ ! -f chroot/usr/bin/smbmount ]
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
What's in /debian/doc?
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--- General Documentation
|
|
||||||
FAQ/ Debian FAQ List in html, postscript, and plain text
|
|
||||||
constitution.txt Debian Constitution
|
|
||||||
debian-manifesto How it all started...
|
|
||||||
mailing-lists.txt How to subscribe to the Debian mailing lists
|
|
||||||
social-contract.txt Debian Social Contract and Free Software Guidelines
|
|
||||||
source-unpack.txt How to unpack a Debian source package
|
|
||||||
debian-keyring.tar.gz PGP keys of all the developers.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--- The Bug Tracking System for users
|
|
||||||
bug-reporting.txt How to report a bug in Debian
|
|
||||||
bug-log-mailserver.txt Introduction to the bug system request server
|
|
||||||
bug-log-access.txt Accessing bug reports in the tracking system
|
|
||||||
bug-mailserver-refcard.txt Mail server's reference card
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
--- Debian Developer's Information
|
|
||||||
bug-maint-info.txt Developer's information re the bug system
|
|
||||||
bug-maint-mailcontrol.txt Introduction to the bug control mailserver
|
|
||||||
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
Binary file not shown.
|
|
@ -1,610 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
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<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Definitions and overview</title>
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<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
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<link href="index.en.html" rel="prev">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="next">
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<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
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<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
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<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
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<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
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<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
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<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
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<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
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<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
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<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
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<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
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<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-basic_defs"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 1 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 1 - Definitions and overview
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-whatisfaq"></a>1.1 What is this FAQ?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This document gives frequently asked questions (with their answers!) about the
|
|
||||||
Debian distribution (Debian GNU/Linux and others) and about the Debian project.
|
|
||||||
If applicable, pointers to other documentation will be given: we won't quote
|
|
||||||
large parts of external documentation in this document. You'll find out that
|
|
||||||
some answers assume some knowledge of Unix-like operating systems. We'll try
|
|
||||||
to assume as little prior knowledge as possible: answers to general beginners
|
|
||||||
questions will be kept simple.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you can't find what you're looking for in this FAQ, be sure to check out <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other documentation exists on and
|
|
||||||
for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>. If even that doesn't help, refer to <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback">Feedback, Section 16.2</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-whatisdebian"></a>1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux is a particular <em>distribution</em> of the Linux operating
|
|
||||||
system, and numerous packages that run on it.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux is:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<strong>full featured</strong>: Debian includes more than 18200 software
|
|
||||||
packages at present. Users can select which packages to install; Debian
|
|
||||||
provides a tool for this purpose. You can find a list and descriptions of the
|
|
||||||
packages currently available in Debian at any of the Debian <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist">mirror sites</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<strong>free to use and redistribute</strong>: There is no consortium
|
|
||||||
membership or payment required to participate in its distribution and
|
|
||||||
development. All packages that are formally part of Debian GNU/Linux are free
|
|
||||||
to redistribute, usually under terms specified by the GNU General Public
|
|
||||||
License.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian FTP archives also carry approximately 560 software packages (in the
|
|
||||||
<samp>non-free</samp> and <samp>contrib</samp> sections), which are
|
|
||||||
distributable under specific terms included with each package.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<strong>dynamic</strong>: With about 1060 volunteers constantly contributing
|
|
||||||
new and improved code, Debian is evolving rapidly. The FTP archives are
|
|
||||||
updated twice every day.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Most Linux users run a specific <em>distribution</em> of Linux, like Debian
|
|
||||||
GNU/Linux. However, in principle, users could obtain the Linux kernel via the
|
|
||||||
Internet or from elsewhere, and compile it themselves. They could then obtain
|
|
||||||
source code for many applications in the same way, compile the programs, then
|
|
||||||
install them into their systems. For complicated programs, this process can be
|
|
||||||
not only time-consuming but error-prone. To avoid it, users often choose to
|
|
||||||
obtain the operating system and the application packages from one of the Linux
|
|
||||||
distributors. What distinguishes the various Linux distributors are the
|
|
||||||
software, protocols, and practices they use for packaging, installing, and
|
|
||||||
tracking applications packages on users' systems, combined with installation
|
|
||||||
and maintenance tools, documentation, and other services.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux is the result of a volunteer effort to create a free,
|
|
||||||
high-quality Unix-compatible operating system, complete with a suite of
|
|
||||||
applications. The idea of a free Unix-like system originates from the GNU
|
|
||||||
project, and many of the applications that make Debian GNU/Linux so useful were
|
|
||||||
developed by the GNU project.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For Debian, free has the GNUish meaning (see the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">Debian Free Software
|
|
||||||
Guidelines</a></code>). When we speak of free software, we are referring to
|
|
||||||
freedom, not price. Free software means that you have the freedom to
|
|
||||||
distribute copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it
|
|
||||||
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
|
|
||||||
free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian Project was created by Ian Murdock in 1993, initially under the
|
|
||||||
sponsorship of the Free Software Foundation's GNU project. Today, Debian's
|
|
||||||
developers think of it as a direct descendent of the GNU project.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Although Debian GNU/Linux itself is free software, it is a base upon which
|
|
||||||
value-added Linux distributions can be built. By providing a reliable,
|
|
||||||
full-featured base system, Debian provides Linux users with increased
|
|
||||||
compatibility, and allows Linux distribution creators to eliminate duplication
|
|
||||||
of effort and focus on the things that make their distribution special. See <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro">I am making a special Linux
|
|
||||||
distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for
|
|
||||||
the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?, Section
|
|
||||||
14.3</a> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-linux"></a>1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In short, Linux is the kernel of a Unix-like operating system. It was
|
|
||||||
originally designed for 386 (and better) PCs; today Linux also runs on a dozen
|
|
||||||
of other systems. Linux is written by Linus Torvalds and many computer
|
|
||||||
scientists around the world.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Besides its kernel, a "Linux" system usually has:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
a file system that follows the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">http://www.pathname.com/fhs/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
a wide range of Unix utilities, many of which have been developed by the GNU
|
|
||||||
project and the Free Software Foundation.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The combination of the Linux kernel, the file system, the GNU and FSF
|
|
||||||
utilities, and the other utilities are designed to achieve compliance with the
|
|
||||||
POSIX (IEEE 1003.1) standard; see <a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices">How
|
|
||||||
source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?, Section 4.3</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For more information about Linux, see <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.linux.org/info/">What is Linux</a></code> by <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.linux.org/">Linux Online</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-non-linux"></a>1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Currently, Debian is only available for Linux, but with Debian GNU/Hurd and
|
|
||||||
Debian on BSD kernels, we have started to offer non-Linux-based OSes as a
|
|
||||||
development, server and desktop platform, too. However, these non-linux ports
|
|
||||||
are not officially released yet.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The oldest porting effort is Debian GNU/Hurd.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Hurd is a set of servers running on top of the GNU Mach microkernel.
|
|
||||||
Together they build the base for the GNU operating system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Please see <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/">http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/</a></code>
|
|
||||||
for more information about the GNU/Hurd in general, and <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/</a></code>
|
|
||||||
for more information about Debian GNU/Hurd.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A second effort is the port to a BSD kernel. People are working with both the
|
|
||||||
NetBSD and the FreeBSD kernels.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
See <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/ports/#nonlinux">http://www.debian.org/ports/#nonlinux</a></code>
|
|
||||||
for more information about these non-linux ports.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-difference"></a>1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
These key features distinguish Debian from other Linux distributions:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt>Freedom:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
As stated in the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract">Debian
|
|
||||||
Social Contract</a></code>, Debian will remain 100% free. Debian is very
|
|
||||||
strict about shipping truly free software. The guidelines used to determine if
|
|
||||||
a work is "free" are provided in <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">The Debian Free
|
|
||||||
Software</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt>The Debian package maintenance system:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The entire system, or any individual component of it, can be upgraded in place
|
|
||||||
without reformatting, without losing custom configuration files, and (in most
|
|
||||||
cases) without rebooting the system. Most Linux distributions available today
|
|
||||||
have some kind of package maintenance system; the Debian package maintenance
|
|
||||||
system is unique and particularly robust (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">Basics of the Debian package management system,
|
|
||||||
Chapter 7</a>).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt>Open development:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Whereas other Linux distributions are developed by individuals, small, closed
|
|
||||||
groups, or commercial vendors, Debian is the only major Linux distribution that
|
|
||||||
is being developed cooperatively by many individuals through the Internet, in
|
|
||||||
the same spirit as Linux and other free software.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
More than 1060 volunteer package maintainers are working on over 18200 packages
|
|
||||||
and improving Debian GNU/Linux. The Debian developers contribute to the
|
|
||||||
project not by writing new applications (in most cases), but by packaging
|
|
||||||
existing software according to the standards of the project, by communicating
|
|
||||||
bug reports to upstream developers, and by providing user support. See also
|
|
||||||
additional information on how to become a contributor in <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib">How can I become a Debian software
|
|
||||||
developer?, Section 13.1</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt>The Universal Operating System:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian comes with <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/stable/">more than
|
|
||||||
18200 packages</a></code> and runs on <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/ports/">11 architectures</a></code>. This is far
|
|
||||||
more than is available for any other GNU/Linux distribution. See <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps">What types of applications and development
|
|
||||||
software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?, Section 5.1</a> for an overview
|
|
||||||
of the provided software and see <a href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches">On what
|
|
||||||
hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?, Section 4.1</a> for
|
|
||||||
a description of the supported hardware platforms.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt>The Bug Tracking System:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The geographical dispersion of the Debian developers required sophisticated
|
|
||||||
tools and quick communication of bugs and bug-fixes to accelerate the
|
|
||||||
development of the system. Users are encouraged to send bugs in a formal
|
|
||||||
style, which are quickly accessible by WWW archives or via e-mail. See
|
|
||||||
additional information in this FAQ on the management of the bug log in <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs">Are there logs of known bugs?, Section
|
|
||||||
12.4</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt>The Debian Policy:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian has an extensive specification of our standards of quality, the Debian
|
|
||||||
Policy. This document defines the qualities and standards to which we hold
|
|
||||||
Debian packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For additional information about this, please see our web page about <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/intro/why_debian">reasons to choose
|
|
||||||
Debian</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-gnu"></a>1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian system builds on the ideals of free software first championed by the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/">Free Software Foundation</a></code> and in
|
|
||||||
particular by <code><a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
|
|
||||||
Stallman</a></code>. FSF's powerful system development tools, utilities, and
|
|
||||||
applications are also a key part of the Debian system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian Project is a separate entity from the FSF, however we communicate
|
|
||||||
regularly and cooperate on various projects. The FSF explicitly requested that
|
|
||||||
we call our system "Debian GNU/Linux", and we are happy to comply
|
|
||||||
with that request.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The FSF's long-standing objective is to develop a new operating system called
|
|
||||||
GNU, based on <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.gnu.org/software/hurd/">Hurd</a></code>. Debian is working
|
|
||||||
with FSF on this system, called <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/ports/hurd/">Debian GNU/Hurd</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-pronunciation"></a>1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The project name is pronounced Deb'-ee-en, with a short e in Deb, and emphasis
|
|
||||||
on the first syllable. This word is a contraction of the names of Debra and
|
|
||||||
Ian Murdock, who founded the project. (Dictionaries seem to offer some
|
|
||||||
ambiguity in the pronunciation of Ian (!), but Ian prefers ee'-en.)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 1 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-basic_defs.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,961 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Choosing a Debian distribution</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-choosing"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 3 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 3 - Choosing a Debian distribution
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are many different Debian distributions. Choosing the proper Debian
|
|
||||||
distribution is an important decission. This section covers some information
|
|
||||||
useful for users that want to make the choice best suited for their system and
|
|
||||||
also answers possible questions that might be arising during the process. It
|
|
||||||
does not deal with "why you should choose Debian" but rather
|
|
||||||
"which distribution of Debian".
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For more information on the available distributions read <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists">How many Debian distributions are there?,
|
|
||||||
Section 6.1</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s3.1"></a>3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The answer is a bit complicated. It really depends on what you intend to do.
|
|
||||||
One solution would be to ask a friend who runs Debian. But that does not mean
|
|
||||||
that you cannot make an independent decision. In fact, you should be able to
|
|
||||||
decide once you complete reading this chapter.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If security or stability are at all important for you: install stable. period.
|
|
||||||
This is the most preferred way.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you are a new user installing to a desktop machine, start with stable. Some
|
|
||||||
of the software is quite old, but it's the least buggy environment to work in.
|
|
||||||
You can easily switch to the more modern unstable once you are a little more
|
|
||||||
confident.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you are a desktop user with some experience in Linux and does not mind
|
|
||||||
facing the odd bug now and then, use unstable. It has all the latest and
|
|
||||||
greatest software, and bugs are usually fixed swiftly.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you are running a server, especially one that has strong stability
|
|
||||||
requirements or is exposed to the Internet, install stable. This is by far the
|
|
||||||
strongest and safest choice.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The following questions (hopefully) provide more detail on these choices.
|
|
||||||
After reading this whole FAQ, if you still could not make a decision, stick
|
|
||||||
with the stable distribution.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.1"></a>3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Try to search the web using a search engine and see if someone else is able to
|
|
||||||
get it working in stable. Most of the hardware should work fine with stable.
|
|
||||||
But if you have some state-of-the-art, cutting edge hardware, it might not work
|
|
||||||
with stable. If this is the case, you might want to install/upgrade to
|
|
||||||
unstable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For laptops, <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/">http://www.linux-on-laptops.com/</a></code>
|
|
||||||
is a very good website to see if someone else is able to get it to work under
|
|
||||||
Linux. The website is not specific to Debian, but is nevertheless a tremendous
|
|
||||||
resource. I am not aware of any such website for desktops.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Another option would be to ask in the debian-user mailing list by sending an
|
|
||||||
email to debian-user@lists.debian.org . Messages can be posted to the list
|
|
||||||
even without subscribing. The archives can be read through <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/">http://lists.debian.org/debian-user/</a></code>
|
|
||||||
Information regarding subscribing to the list can be found at the location of
|
|
||||||
archives. You are strongly encourage to post your questions on the
|
|
||||||
mailing-list than on <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/support">irc</a></code>. The mailing-list messages
|
|
||||||
are archived, so solution to your problem can help others with the same issue.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.2"></a>3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. Unstable has the most recent (latest) versions. But the packages in
|
|
||||||
unstable are not well tested and might have bugs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
On the other hand, stable contains old versions of packages. But this package
|
|
||||||
is well tested and is less likely to have any bugs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The packages in testing fall between these two extremes.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.3"></a>3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Well, you might be correct. The age of the packages at stable depends on when
|
|
||||||
the last release was made. Since there is typically over 1 year between
|
|
||||||
releases you might find that stable contains old versions of packages.
|
|
||||||
However, they have been tested in and out. One can confidently say that the
|
|
||||||
packages do not have any known severe bugs, security holes etc., in them. The
|
|
||||||
packages in stable integrate seamlessly with other stable packages. These
|
|
||||||
characteristics are very important for production servers which have to work 24
|
|
||||||
hours a day, 7 days a week.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
On the other hand, packages in testing or unstable can have hidden bugs,
|
|
||||||
security holes etc., Moreover, some packages in testing and unstable might not
|
|
||||||
be working as intended. Usually people working on a single desktop prefer
|
|
||||||
having the latest and most modern set of packages. Unstable is the solution
|
|
||||||
for this group of people.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
As you can see, stability and novelty are two opposing ends of the spectrum.
|
|
||||||
If stability is required: install stable distribution. If you want to work
|
|
||||||
with the latest packages, then install unstable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.4"></a>3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes, but it is a one way process. You can go from stable --> testing -->
|
|
||||||
unstable. But the reverse direction is not "possible". So better be
|
|
||||||
sure if you are planning to install/upgrade to unstable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Actually, if you are an expert and if you are willing to spend some time and if
|
|
||||||
you are real careful and if you know what you are doing, then it might be
|
|
||||||
possible to go from unstable to testing and then to stable. The installer
|
|
||||||
scripts are not designed to do that. So in the process, your configuration
|
|
||||||
files might be lost and....
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.5"></a>3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This is a rather subjective issue. There is no perfect answer but only a
|
|
||||||
"wise guess" could be made while deciding between unstable and
|
|
||||||
testing. My personal order of preference is Stable, Unstable and Testing. The
|
|
||||||
issue is like this:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Stable is rock solid. It does not break.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Testing breaks less often than Unstable. But when it breaks, it takes a long
|
|
||||||
time for things to get rectified. Sometimes this could be days and it could be
|
|
||||||
months at times.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Unstable changes a lot, and it can break at any point. However, fixes get
|
|
||||||
rectified in many occasions in a couple of days and it always has the latest
|
|
||||||
releases of software packaged for Debian.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
But there are times when tracking testing would be beneficial as opposed to
|
|
||||||
unstable. The author such situation due to the gcc transition from gcc3 to
|
|
||||||
gcc4. He was trying to install the <code>labplot</code> package on a machine
|
|
||||||
tracking unstable and it could not be installed in unstable as some of its
|
|
||||||
dependencies have undergone gcc4 transition and some have not. But the package
|
|
||||||
in testing was installable on a testing machine as the gcc4 transitioned
|
|
||||||
packages had not "trickled down" to testing.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.6"></a>3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Sometimes, a package might not be installable through package management tools.
|
|
||||||
Sometimes, a package might not be available at all, maybe it was (temporarily)
|
|
||||||
removed due to bugs or unmet dependencies. Sometimes, a package installs but
|
|
||||||
does not behave in the proper way.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
When these things happen, the distribution is said to be broken (at least for
|
|
||||||
this package).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.7"></a>3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The bug fixes and improvements introduced in the unstable distribution trickle
|
|
||||||
down to testing after a certain number of days. Let's say this threshold is 10
|
|
||||||
days. The packages in unstable go into testing only when there are no RC-bugs
|
|
||||||
reported against them. If there is a RC-bug filed against a package in
|
|
||||||
unstable, it will not go into testing after the 10 days.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The idea is that, if the package has any problems, it would be discovered by
|
|
||||||
people using unstable and will be fixed before it enters testing. This keeps
|
|
||||||
the testing in an usable state for most period of the time. Overall a
|
|
||||||
brilliant concept, if you ask me. But things are alwasy not so simple.
|
|
||||||
Consider the following situation:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Imagine you are interested in package XYZ.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Let's assume that on June 10, the version in testing is XYZ-3.6 and in unstable
|
|
||||||
it is XYZ-3.7
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
After 10 days, XYZ-3.7 from unstable migrates into testing.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
So on June 20, both testing and unstable have XYZ-3.7 in their repositories.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Let's say, The user of testing distribution sees that a new XYZ package is
|
|
||||||
available and updates his XYZ-3.6 to XYZ-3.7
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Now on June 25, someone using testing or unstable discovers an RC bug in
|
|
||||||
XYZ-3.7 and files it in the BTS.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The maintainer of XYZ fixes this bug and uploads it to unstable say on June 30.
|
|
||||||
Here it is assumed that it takes 5 days for the maintainer to fix the bug and
|
|
||||||
upload the new version. The number 5 should not be taken literally. It could
|
|
||||||
be less or more, depending upon the severity of the RC-bug at hand.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This new version in unstable, XYZ-3.8 is scheduled to enter testing on July
|
|
||||||
10th.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
But on July 5th some other person, discovers another RC-bug in XYZ-3.8
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Let's say the maintainer of XYZ fixes this new RC-bug and uploads new version
|
|
||||||
of XYZ after 5 days.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
So on July 10, testing has XYZ-3.7 while unstable has XYZ-3.9
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This new version XYZ-3.9 is now rescheduled to enter testing on July 20th.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Now since you are running testing, and since XYZ-3.7 is buggy, you could
|
|
||||||
probably use XYZ only after July 20th. That is you essentially ended up with a
|
|
||||||
broken XYZ for about one month.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The situation can get much more complicated, if say, XYZ depends on 4 other
|
|
||||||
packages. This could in turn lead to unusable testing distribution for months.
|
|
||||||
The above scenario which is artificially created by me, can occur in the real
|
|
||||||
life. But such occurrences are rare.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.8"></a>3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
One of the main reasons many people chose Debian over other Linux distributions
|
|
||||||
is that it requires very little administration. People want a system that just
|
|
||||||
works. In general one can say that, stable requires very little maintenance
|
|
||||||
while testing and unstable require constant maintenance from the administrator.
|
|
||||||
If you are running stable, all you need to worry about is, keeping track of
|
|
||||||
security updates. If you are running either testing or unstable it is a good
|
|
||||||
idea to be aware of the new bugs discovered in the installed packages, new
|
|
||||||
bugfixes/features introduced etc.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.9"></a>3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This question will not help you in choosing a Debian distribution. But sooner
|
|
||||||
or later you will face this question.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The stable distribution is currently etch; The next stable distribution will be
|
|
||||||
called as lenny. Let's consider the particular case as to what happens when
|
|
||||||
lenny is released as the new stable version.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
oldstable = sarge; stable = etch; testing = lenny; unstable = sid
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Unstable is always referred to as sid irrespective of whether a release is made
|
|
||||||
or not.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
packages constantly migrate from sid to testing (i.e. lenny). But packages in
|
|
||||||
stable (i.e. etch) remain the same except for security updates.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
after sometime testing becomes frozen. But it will still be called testing.
|
|
||||||
At this point no new packages from unstable can migrate to testing unless they
|
|
||||||
include release-critical (RC) bug fixes.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
When testing is frozen, all the new bugfixes introduced, have to be manualy
|
|
||||||
checked by the members of the release team. This is done to ensure that there
|
|
||||||
wont be any unknown severe problems in the frozen testing.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
RC bugs in 'frozen testing' are reduced to zero.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The 'frozen testing' with no rc-bugs will be released as the new stable
|
|
||||||
version. In our example, this new stable release will be called as lenny.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
At this stage oldstable = etch, stable = lenny. The contents of stable and
|
|
||||||
'frozen testing' are same at this point.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A new testing is forked from the current stable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Packages start coming down from sid to testing and the Debian community will be
|
|
||||||
working towards making the next stable release.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.10"></a>3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In most situations it is very easy to figure this out. Take a look at the
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file. There will be an entry similar to
|
|
||||||
this:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The third field ('unstable' in the above example) indicates the Debian
|
|
||||||
distribution the system is currently tracking.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can also use <code>lsb_release</code> (available in the
|
|
||||||
<code>lsb-release</code> package). If you run this program in an unstable
|
|
||||||
system you will get:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
$ lsb_release -a
|
|
||||||
LSB Version: core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-noarch:core-2.0-ia32:core-3.0-ia32:core-3.1-ia32
|
|
||||||
Distributor ID: Debian
|
|
||||||
Description: Debian GNU/Linux unstable (sid)
|
|
||||||
Release: unstable
|
|
||||||
Codename: sid
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
However, this is always not that easy. Some systems might have
|
|
||||||
<code>sources.list</code> files with multiple entries corresponding to
|
|
||||||
different distributions. This could happen if the administrator is tracking
|
|
||||||
different packages from different Debian distributions. This is frequently
|
|
||||||
referred to as apt-pinning. These systems might run a mixture of
|
|
||||||
distributions.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.11"></a>3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you are currently running stable, then in the
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file the third field will be either etch or
|
|
||||||
stable. You need to change this to the distribution you want to run. If you
|
|
||||||
want to run testing, then change the third field of
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> to testing. If you want to run unstable,
|
|
||||||
then change the third field to unstable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Currently testing is called lenny. So, if you change the third field of
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> to lenny, then also you will be running
|
|
||||||
testing. But when lenny becomes stable, you will still be tracking lenny.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Unstable is always called Sid. So if you change the third field of
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> to sid, then you will be tracking unstable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Currently Debian offers security updates for testing but not for unstable, as
|
|
||||||
fixes in unstable are directly made to the main archive. So if you are running
|
|
||||||
unstable make sure that you remove the lines relating to security updates in
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If there is a release notes document available for the distribution you are
|
|
||||||
upgrading to (even though it has not yet been released) it would be wise to
|
|
||||||
review it, as it might provide information on how you should upgrade to it.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Nevertheless, once you make the above changes, you can run <code>aptitude
|
|
||||||
update</code> and then install the packages that you want. Notice that
|
|
||||||
installing a package from a different distribution might automatically upgrade
|
|
||||||
half of your system. If you install individual packages you will end up with a
|
|
||||||
system running mixed distributions.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
It might be best in some situations to just fully upgrade to the new
|
|
||||||
distribution running <code>apt-get dist-upgrade</code>, <code>aptitude
|
|
||||||
safe-upgrade</code> or <code>aptitude full-upgrade</code>. Read apt's and
|
|
||||||
aptitude's manual pages for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.12"></a>3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
It depends on the entries in the <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file. If
|
|
||||||
you are currently tracking testing, these entries are similar to either:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ testing main
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
or
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ lenny main
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If the third field in <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> is 'testing' then you
|
|
||||||
will be tracking testing even after a release is made. So after lenny is
|
|
||||||
released, you will be running a new Debian distribution which will have a
|
|
||||||
different codename. Changes might not be apparent at first but will be evident
|
|
||||||
as soon as new packages from unstable go over to the testing distribution.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
But if the third field contains 'lenny' then you will be tracking stable (since
|
|
||||||
lenny will then be the new stable distribution).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.1.13"></a>3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If unsure, the best bet would be stable distribution.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s3.2"></a>3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
They are not Debian; they are <em>Debian based</em>. Though there are many
|
|
||||||
similarities and commonalities between them, there are also crucial
|
|
||||||
differences.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
All these distributions have their own merits and are suited to some specific
|
|
||||||
set of users. For more information, read the information of <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/misc/children-distros">software distributions based
|
|
||||||
on Debian</a></code> available at the Debian website.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.2.1"></a>3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
These distributions are Debian based. But they are not Debian. You will be
|
|
||||||
still able to use apt package tools by pointing the
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file to these distributions' repositories.
|
|
||||||
But then you are not running Debian, you are running a different distribution.
|
|
||||||
They are not the same.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In most situations if you stick with one distribution you should use that and
|
|
||||||
not mix packages from other distributions. Many common breakages arise due to
|
|
||||||
people running a distribution and trying to install Debian packages from other
|
|
||||||
distributions. The fact that they use the same formatting and name (.deb) does
|
|
||||||
not make them inmediately compatible.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, Knoppix is a Linux distribution designed to be booted as a live CD
|
|
||||||
where as Debian is designed to be installed on hard-disk. Knoppix is great if
|
|
||||||
you want to know whether a particular hardware works, or if you want to
|
|
||||||
experience how a linux system 'feels' etc., Knoppix is good for demonstration
|
|
||||||
purposes while Debian is designed to run 24/7. Moreover the number of packages
|
|
||||||
available, the number of architectures supported by Debian are far more greater
|
|
||||||
than that of Knoppix.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you want Debian, it is best to install Debian from the get-go. Although it
|
|
||||||
is possible to install Debian through other distributions, such as Knoppix, the
|
|
||||||
procedure calls for expertise. If you are reading this FAQ, I would assume
|
|
||||||
that you are new to both Debian and Knoppix. In that case, save yourself a lot
|
|
||||||
of trouble later and install Debian right at the beginning.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.2.2"></a>3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You are advised not to use the Debian forums (either mailing lists or IRC) for
|
|
||||||
help as people might advise you thinking that you are running a Debian system
|
|
||||||
and the "fixes" they provide might not be suited to what you are
|
|
||||||
running. They might even worsen the problem you are facing.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Use the forums of the specific distribution you are using first. If you do not
|
|
||||||
get help or the help you get does not fix your problem you might want to try
|
|
||||||
asking in Debian forums, but keep the advise of the previous paragraph in mind.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s3.2.3"></a>3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Consider the change from a Debian-based distribution to Debian just like a
|
|
||||||
change from one operating system to another one. You should make a backup of
|
|
||||||
all your date and reinstall the operating system from scratch. You should not
|
|
||||||
attempt to "upgrade" to Debian using the package management tools as
|
|
||||||
you might end up with an unusable system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If all your user data (i.e. your <code>/home</code>) is under a separate
|
|
||||||
partition migrating to Debian is actually quite simple, you just have to tell
|
|
||||||
the installation system to mount (but not reformat) that partition when
|
|
||||||
reinstalling. Making backups of your data, as well as your previous system's
|
|
||||||
configuration (i.e. <code>/etc/</code> and, maybe, <code>/var/</code>) is
|
|
||||||
still encouraged.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 3 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-choosing.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,554 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Compatibility issues</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-compat"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
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||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 4 ]
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[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
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||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
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|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
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|
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[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
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|
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[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
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[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
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|
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[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">next</a> ]
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</p>
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|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 4 - Compatibility issues
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-arches"></a>4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux includes complete source-code for all of the included
|
|
||||||
programs, so it should work on all systems which are supported by the Linux
|
|
||||||
kernel; see the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://en.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/intro.html#DOES-LINUX-RUN-ON-MY-COMPUTER">Linux
|
|
||||||
FAQ</a></code> for details.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The current Debian GNU/Linux release, 4.0, contains a complete, binary
|
|
||||||
distribution for the following architectures:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>i386</em>: this covers systems based on Intel and compatible processors,
|
|
||||||
including Intel's 386, 486, Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium II (both Klamath and
|
|
||||||
Celeron), and Pentium III, and most compatible processors by AMD, Cyrix and
|
|
||||||
others.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>amd64</em>: this covers systems based on AMD 64bit CPUs with AMD64
|
|
||||||
extension and all Intel CPUs with EM64T extension, and a common 64bit
|
|
||||||
userspace.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>alpha</em>: Compaq/Digital's Alpha systems.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>sparc</em>: this covers Sun's SPARC and most UltraSPARC systems.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>powerpc</em>: this covers some IBM/Motorola PowerPC machines, including
|
|
||||||
CHRP, PowerMac and PReP machines.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>arm</em>: ARM and StrongARM machines.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>mips</em>: SGI's big-endian MIPS systems, Indy and Indigo2;
|
|
||||||
<em>mipsel</em>: little-endian MIPS machines, Digital DECstations.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>hppa</em>: Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC machines (712, C3000, L2000, A500).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>ia64</em>: Intel IA-64 ("Itanium") computers.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>s390</em>: IBM S/390 mainframe systems.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The development of binary distributions of Debian for Sparc64 (UltraSPARC
|
|
||||||
native) architectures is currently underway.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Support for the <em>m68k</em> architecture was dropped in this release, because
|
|
||||||
it did not meet the criteria set by the Debian Release Managers. This
|
|
||||||
architecture covers Amigas and ATARIs having a Motorola 680x0 processor for
|
|
||||||
x>=2; with MMU. However, the port is still active and available for
|
|
||||||
installation even if not a part of this official stable release and might be
|
|
||||||
reactivated for future releases.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For more information on the available ports see the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/ports/">ports pages at the website</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For further information on booting, partitioning your drive, enabling PCMCIA
|
|
||||||
(PC Card) devices and similar issues please follow the instructions given in
|
|
||||||
the Installation Manual, which is available from our WWW site at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-otherdistribs"></a>4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian developers communicate with other Linux distribution creators in an
|
|
||||||
effort to maintain binary compatibility across Linux distributions. Most
|
|
||||||
commercial Linux products run as well under Debian as they do on the system
|
|
||||||
upon which they were built.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux adheres to the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">Linux Filesystem Hierarchy
|
|
||||||
Standard</a></code>. However, there is room for interpretation in some of the
|
|
||||||
rules within this standard, so there may be slight differences between a Debian
|
|
||||||
system and other Linux systems.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux supports software developed for the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.linuxbase.org/">Linux Standard Base</a></code>. The LSB is a
|
|
||||||
specification for allowing the same binary package to be used on multiple
|
|
||||||
distributions. The Debian Etch release is Certified for LSB Release 3.1, see
|
|
||||||
the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="https://www.linux-foundation.org/lsb-cert/productdir.php">Linux
|
|
||||||
Foundation Certification webpage</a></code>. Discussion and coordination of
|
|
||||||
efforts towards ensuring Debian meets the requirements of the Linux Standard
|
|
||||||
Base is taking place on the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-lsb/">debian-lsb mailing list</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-otherunices"></a>4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For most applications Linux source code is compatible with other Unix systems.
|
|
||||||
It supports almost everything that is available in System V Unix systems and
|
|
||||||
the free and commercial BSD-derived systems. However in the Unix business such
|
|
||||||
claim has nearly no value because there is no way to prove it. In the software
|
|
||||||
development area complete compatibility is required instead of compatibility in
|
|
||||||
"about most" cases. So years ago the need for standards arose, and
|
|
||||||
nowadays POSIX.1 (IEEE Standard 1003.1-1990) is one of the major standards for
|
|
||||||
source code compatibility in Unix-like operating systems.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Linux is intended to adhere to POSIX.1, but the POSIX standards cost real money
|
|
||||||
and the POSIX.1 (and FIPS 151-2) certification is quite expensive; this made it
|
|
||||||
more difficult for the Linux developers to work on complete POSIX conformance.
|
|
||||||
The certification costs make it unlikely that Debian will get an official
|
|
||||||
conformance certification even if it completely passed the validation suite.
|
|
||||||
(The validation suite is now freely available, so it is expected that more
|
|
||||||
people will work on POSIX.1 issues.)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Unifix GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany) developed a Linux system that has been
|
|
||||||
certified to conform to FIPS 151-2 (a superset of POSIX.1). This technology
|
|
||||||
was available in Unifix' own distribution called Unifix Linux 2.0 and in
|
|
||||||
Lasermoon's Linux-FT.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-otherpackages"></a>4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Different Linux distributions use different package formats and different
|
|
||||||
package management programs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><strong>You probably can:</strong></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A program to unpack a Debian package onto a Linux host that is been built from
|
|
||||||
a `foreign' distribution is available, and will generally work, in the sense
|
|
||||||
that files will be unpacked. The converse is probably also true, that is, a
|
|
||||||
program to unpack a Red Hat or Slackware package on a host that is based on
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux will probably succeed in unpacking the package and placing
|
|
||||||
most files in their intended directories. This is largely a consequence of the
|
|
||||||
existence (and broad adherence to) the Linux Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.
|
|
||||||
The <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/alien">Alien</a></code> package
|
|
||||||
is used to convert between different package formats.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><strong>You probably do not want to:</strong></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Most package managers write administrative files when they are used to unpack
|
|
||||||
an archive. These administrative files are generally not standardized.
|
|
||||||
Therefore, the effect of unpacking a Debian package on a `foreign' host will
|
|
||||||
have unpredictable (certainly not useful) effects on the package manager on
|
|
||||||
that system. Likewise, utilities from other distributions might succeed in
|
|
||||||
unpacking their archives on Debian systems, but will probably cause the Debian
|
|
||||||
package management system to fail when the time comes to upgrade or remove some
|
|
||||||
packages, or even simply to report exactly what packages are present on a
|
|
||||||
system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><strong>A better way:</strong></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Linux File System Standard (and therefore Debian GNU/Linux) requires that
|
|
||||||
subdirectories under <samp>/usr/local/</samp> be entirely under the user's
|
|
||||||
discretion. Therefore, users can unpack `foreign' packages into this
|
|
||||||
directory, and then manage their configuration, upgrade and removal
|
|
||||||
individually.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-non-debian-programs"></a>4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Files under the directory <samp>/usr/local/</samp> are not under the control of
|
|
||||||
the Debian package management system. Therefore, it is good practice to place
|
|
||||||
the source code for your program in /usr/local/src/. For example, you might
|
|
||||||
extract the files for a package named "foo.tar" into the directory
|
|
||||||
<samp>/usr/local/src/foo</samp>. After you compile them, place the binaries in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/usr/local/bin/</samp>, the libraries in <samp>/usr/local/lib/</samp>,
|
|
||||||
and the configuration files in <samp>/usr/local/etc/</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If your programs and/or files really must be placed in some other directory,
|
|
||||||
you could still store them in <samp>/usr/local/</samp>, and build the
|
|
||||||
appropriate symbolic links from the required location to its location in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/usr/local/</samp>, e.g., you could make the link
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
ln -s /usr/local/bin/foo /usr/bin/foo
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In any case, if you obtain a package whose copyright allows redistribution, you
|
|
||||||
should consider making a Debian package of it, and uploading it for the Debian
|
|
||||||
system. Guidelines for becoming a package developer are included in the Debian
|
|
||||||
Policy manual (see <a href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other
|
|
||||||
documentation exists on and for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-termcap"></a>4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian uses the <samp>terminfo</samp> database and the <samp>ncurses</samp>
|
|
||||||
library of terminal interface routes, rather than the <samp>termcap</samp>
|
|
||||||
database and the <samp>termcap</samp> library. Users who are compiling
|
|
||||||
programs that require some knowledge of the terminal interface should replace
|
|
||||||
references to <samp>libtermcap</samp> with references to
|
|
||||||
<samp>libncurses</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
To support binaries that have already been linked with the <samp>termcap</samp>
|
|
||||||
library, and for which you do not have the source, Debian provides a package
|
|
||||||
called <code>termcap-compat</code>. This provides both
|
|
||||||
<samp>libtermcap.so.2</samp> and <samp>/etc/termcap</samp>. Install this
|
|
||||||
package if the program fails to run with the error message "can't load
|
|
||||||
library 'libtermcap.so.2'", or complains about a missing
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/termcap</samp> file.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-accelx"></a>4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
AccelX uses the <samp>termcap</samp> library for installation. See <a
|
|
||||||
href="#s-termcap">Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?,
|
|
||||||
Section 4.6</a> above.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-motifnls"></a>4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You need to install the <code>motifnls</code> package, which provides the
|
|
||||||
XFree-2.1 configuration files needed to allow Motif applications compiled under
|
|
||||||
XFree-2.1 to run under XFree-3.1.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Without these files, some Motif applications compiled on other machines (such
|
|
||||||
as Netscape) may crash when attempting to copy or paste from or to a text
|
|
||||||
field, and may also exhibit other problems.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 4 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-compat.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,370 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Contributing to the Debian Project</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
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<body>
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<p><a name="ch-contributing"></a></p>
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<hr>
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<p>
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[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">previous</a> ]
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[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
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[ 13 ]
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[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">next</a> ]
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|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 13 - Contributing to the Debian Project
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/donations">Donations</a></code> of time
|
|
||||||
(to develop new packages, maintain existing packages, or provide user support),
|
|
||||||
resources (to mirror the FTP and WWW archives), and money (to pay for new
|
|
||||||
testbeds as well as hardware for the archives) can help the project.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-contrib"></a>13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The development of Debian is open to all, and new users with the right skills
|
|
||||||
and/or the willingness to learn are needed to maintain existing packages which
|
|
||||||
have been "orphaned" by their previous maintainers, to develop new
|
|
||||||
packages, and to provide user support.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The description of becoming a Debian developer can be found at the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/devel/join/newmaint">New Maintainer's
|
|
||||||
Corner</a></code> at the Debian web site.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-contribresources"></a>13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Since the project aims to make a substantial body of software rapidly and
|
|
||||||
easily accessible throughout the globe, mirrors are urgently needed. It is
|
|
||||||
desirable but not absolutely necessary to mirror all of the archive. Please
|
|
||||||
visit the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/size">Debian mirror
|
|
||||||
size</a></code> page for information on the disk space requirements.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Most of the mirroring is accomplished entirely automatically by scripts,
|
|
||||||
without any interaction. However, the occasional glitch or system change
|
|
||||||
occurs which requires human intervention.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you have a high-speed connection to the Internet, the resources to mirror
|
|
||||||
all or part of the distribution, and are willing to take the time (or find
|
|
||||||
someone) who can provide regular maintenance of the system, then please contact
|
|
||||||
<code><a
|
|
||||||
href="mailto:debian-admin@lists.debian.org">debian-admin@lists.debian.org</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-supportingorganizations"></a>13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
One can make individual donations to one of two organizations that are critical
|
|
||||||
to the development of the Debian project.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-SPI"></a>13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Software in the Public Interest (SPI) is an IRS 501(c)(3) non-profit
|
|
||||||
organization, formed when FSF withdrew their sponsorship of Debian. The
|
|
||||||
purpose of the organization is to develop and distribute free software.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Our goals are very much like those of FSF, and we encourage programmers to use
|
|
||||||
the GNU General Public License on their programs. However, we have a slightly
|
|
||||||
different focus in that we are building and distributing a Linux system that
|
|
||||||
diverges in many technical details from the GNU system as originally planned by
|
|
||||||
FSF. We still communicate with FSF, and we cooperate in sending them changes
|
|
||||||
to GNU software and in asking our users to donate to FSF and the GNU project.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
SPI can be reached at: <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.spi-inc.org/">http://www.spi-inc.org/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-FSF"></a>13.3.2 Free Software Foundation</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
At this time there is no formal connection between Debian and the Free Software
|
|
||||||
Foundation. However, the Free Software Foundation is responsible for some of
|
|
||||||
the most important software components in Debian, including the GNU C compiler,
|
|
||||||
GNU Emacs, and much of the C run-time library that is used by all programs on
|
|
||||||
the system. FSF pioneered much of what free software is today: they wrote the
|
|
||||||
General Public License that is used on much of the Debian software, and they
|
|
||||||
invented the "GNU" project to create an entirely free Unix system.
|
|
||||||
Debian should be considered a descendent of the GNU system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
FSF can be reached at: <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.fsf.org/">http://www.fsf.org/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 13 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-contributing.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,716 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-customizing"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 11 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 11 - Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-papersize"></a>11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Install the <code>libpaper1</code> package, and it will ask you for a
|
|
||||||
system-wide default paper size. This setting will be kept in the file
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/papersize</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Users can override the paper size setting using the <samp>PAPERSIZE</samp>
|
|
||||||
environment variable. For details, see the manual page
|
|
||||||
<code>papersize(5)</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-hardwareaccess"></a>11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Many device files in the <samp>/dev</samp> directory belong to some predefined
|
|
||||||
groups. For example, <samp>/dev/fd0</samp> belongs to the <samp>floppy</samp>
|
|
||||||
group, and <samp>/dev/dsp</samp> belongs to the <samp>audio</samp> group.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you want a certain user to have access to one of these devices, just add the
|
|
||||||
user to the group the device belongs to, i.e. do:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
adduser user group
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This way you won't have to change the file permissions on the device.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you do this from within a user's shell or a GUI environment you have to
|
|
||||||
logout and login again to become an effective member of that group. To check
|
|
||||||
which groups you belong to run <samp>groups</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Notice that, since the introduction of <samp>udev</samp> if you change the
|
|
||||||
permissions of a hardware peripheral they might be be adjusted for some devices
|
|
||||||
when the system starts, if this happens to the hardware peripherals you are
|
|
||||||
instered in you will have to adjust the rules at <samp>/etc/udev</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-consolefont"></a>11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The <code>kbd</code> and <code>console-tools</code> packages support this, edit
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/kbd/config</samp> or <samp>/etc/console-tools/config</samp> files.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-appdefaults"></a>11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian's X programs will install their application resource data in the
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/X11/app-defaults/</samp> directory. If you want to customize X
|
|
||||||
applications globally, put your customizations in those files. They are marked
|
|
||||||
as configuration files, so their contents will be preserved during upgrades.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-booting"></a>11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Like all Unices, Debian boots up by executing the program <samp>init</samp>.
|
|
||||||
The configuration file for <samp>init</samp> (which is
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/inittab</samp>) specifies that the first script to be executed
|
|
||||||
should be <samp>/etc/init.d/rcS</samp>. This script runs all of the scripts in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/rcS.d/</samp> by sourcing or forking subprocess depending on their
|
|
||||||
file extension to perform initialization such as to check and to mount file
|
|
||||||
systems, to load modules, to start the network services, to set the clock, and
|
|
||||||
to perform other initialization. Then, for compatibility, it runs the files
|
|
||||||
(except those with a `.'in the filename) in <samp>/etc/rc.boot/</samp> too.
|
|
||||||
Any scripts in the latter directory are usually reserved for system
|
|
||||||
administrator use, and using them in packages is deprecated.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
After completing the boot process, <samp>init</samp> executes all start scripts
|
|
||||||
in a directory specified by the default runlevel (this runlevel is given by the
|
|
||||||
entry for <samp>id</samp> in <samp>/etc/inittab</samp>). Like most System V
|
|
||||||
compatible Unices, Linux has 7 runlevels:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
0 (halt the system),
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
1 (single-user mode),
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
2 through 5 (various multi-user modes), and
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
6 (reboot the system).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian systems come with id=2, which indicates that the default runlevel will
|
|
||||||
be '2' when the multi-user state is entered, and the scripts in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/rc2.d/</samp> will be run.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In fact, the scripts in any of the directories, <samp>/etc/rcN.d/</samp> are
|
|
||||||
just symbolic links back to scripts in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp>. However, the
|
|
||||||
<em>names</em> of the files in each of the <samp>/etc/rcN.d/</samp> directories
|
|
||||||
are selected to indicate the <em>way</em> the scripts in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/init.d/</samp> will be run. Specifically, before entering any
|
|
||||||
runlevel, all the scripts beginning with 'K' are run; these scripts kill
|
|
||||||
services. Then all the scripts beginning with 'S' are run; these scripts start
|
|
||||||
services. The two-digit number following the 'K' or 'S' indicates the order in
|
|
||||||
which the script is run. Lower numbered scripts are executed first.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This approach works because the scripts in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp> all take
|
|
||||||
an argument which can be either `start', `stop', `reload', `restart' or
|
|
||||||
`force-reload' and will then do the task indicated by the argument. These
|
|
||||||
scripts can be used even after a system has been booted, to control various
|
|
||||||
processes.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, with the argument `reload' the command
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
/etc/init.d/sendmail reload
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
sends the sendmail daemon a signal to reread its configuration file. (BTW,
|
|
||||||
Debian supplies <code>invoke-rc.d</code> as a wrapper for invoking the scripts
|
|
||||||
in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp>.)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-custombootscripts"></a>11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Suppose a system needs to execute script <samp>foo</samp> on start-up, or on
|
|
||||||
entry to a particular (System V) runlevel. Then the system administrator
|
|
||||||
should:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Enter the script <samp>foo</samp> into the directory <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Run the Debian command <samp>update-rc.d</samp> with appropriate arguments, to
|
|
||||||
specify which runlevels should start the service, and which runlevels should
|
|
||||||
stop the service.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Consider rebooting the system to check that the service starts correctly
|
|
||||||
(assuming that you've asked for it to be started in the default runlevel).
|
|
||||||
Otherwise, manually start it by running `<samp>/etc/init.d/foo start</samp>'.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
One might, for example, cause the script <samp>foo</samp> to execute at
|
|
||||||
boot-up, by putting it in <samp>/etc/init.d/</samp> and running
|
|
||||||
<samp>update-rc.d foo defaults 19</samp>. The argument `<samp>defaults</samp>'
|
|
||||||
refers to the default runlevels, which means (at least in absence of any LSB
|
|
||||||
comment block to the contrary) to start the service in runlevels 2 through 5,
|
|
||||||
and to stop the service in runlevels 0, 1 and 6. (Any LSB Default-Start and
|
|
||||||
Default-Stop directives in <samp>foo</samp> take precedence when using the
|
|
||||||
sysv-rc version of update-rc.d, but are ignored by the current (v0.8.10)
|
|
||||||
file-rc version of update-rc.d.) The argument `<samp>19</samp>' ensures that
|
|
||||||
<samp>foo</samp> is called after all scripts whose number is less than 19 have
|
|
||||||
completed, and before all scripts whose number is 20 or greater.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-interconffiles"></a>11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Some users wish to create, for example, a new server by installing a group of
|
|
||||||
Debian packages and a locally generated package consisting of configuration
|
|
||||||
files. This is not generally a good idea, because <code>dpkg</code> will not
|
|
||||||
know about those configuration files if they are in a different package, and
|
|
||||||
may write conflicting configurations when one of the initial "group"
|
|
||||||
of packages is upgraded.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Instead, create a local package that modifies the configuration files of the
|
|
||||||
"group" of Debian packages of interest. Then <code>dpkg</code> and
|
|
||||||
the rest of the package management system will see that the files have been
|
|
||||||
modified by the local "sysadmin" and will not try to overwrite them
|
|
||||||
when those packages are upgraded.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-divert"></a>11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Suppose a sysadmin or local user wishes to use a program
|
|
||||||
"login-local" rather than the program "login" provided by
|
|
||||||
the Debian <code>login</code> package.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Do <strong>not</strong>:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Overwrite <samp>/bin/login</samp> with <samp>login-local</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The package management system will not know about this change, and will simply
|
|
||||||
overwrite your custom <samp>/bin/login</samp> whenever <samp>login</samp> (or
|
|
||||||
any package that provides <samp>/bin/login</samp>) is installed or updated.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Rather, do
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Execute:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
dpkg-divert --divert /bin/login.debian /bin/login
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
in order to cause all future installations of the Debian <code>login</code>
|
|
||||||
package to write the file <samp>/bin/login</samp> to
|
|
||||||
<samp>/bin/login.debian</samp> instead.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Then execute:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
cp login-local /bin/login
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
to move your own locally-built program into place.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Run <samp>dpkg-divert --list</samp> to see which diversions are currently
|
|
||||||
active on your system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Details are given in the manual page <code>dpkg-divert(8)</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-localpackages"></a>11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Execute the command:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
dpkg-scanpackages BIN_DIR OVERRIDE_FILE [PATHPREFIX] > my_Packages
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
where:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
BIN-DIR is a directory where Debian archive files (which usually have an
|
|
||||||
extension of ".deb") are stored.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
OVERRIDE_FILE is a file that is edited by the distribution maintainers and is
|
|
||||||
usually stored on a Debian FTP archive at <samp>indices/override.main.gz</samp>
|
|
||||||
for the Debian packages in the "main" distribution. You can ignore
|
|
||||||
this for local packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
PATHPREFIX is an <em>optional</em> string that can be prepended to the
|
|
||||||
<samp>my_Packages</samp> file being produced.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Once you have built the file <samp>my_Packages</samp>, tell the package
|
|
||||||
management system about it by using the command:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
dpkg --merge-avail my_Packages
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you are using APT, you can add the local repository to your
|
|
||||||
<code>sources.list(5)</code> file, too.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-diverse"></a>11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are several cases where two packages provide two different versions of a
|
|
||||||
program, both of which provide the same core functionality. Users might prefer
|
|
||||||
one over another out of habit, or because the user interface of one package is
|
|
||||||
somehow more pleasing than the interface of another. Other users on the same
|
|
||||||
system might make a different choice.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian uses a "virtual" package system to allow system administrators
|
|
||||||
to choose (or let users choose) their favorite tools when there are two or more
|
|
||||||
that provide the same basic functionality, yet satisfy package dependency
|
|
||||||
requirements without specifying a particular package.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, there might exist two different versions of newsreaders on a
|
|
||||||
system. The news server package might 'recommend' that there exist
|
|
||||||
<em>some</em> news reader on the system, but the choice of <samp>tin</samp> or
|
|
||||||
<samp>trn</samp> is left up to the individual user. This is satisfied by
|
|
||||||
having both the <code>tin</code> and <code>trn</code> packages provide the
|
|
||||||
virtual package <code>news-reader</code>. <em>Which</em> program is invoked is
|
|
||||||
determined by a link pointing from a file with the virtual package name
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/alternatives/news-reader</samp> to the selected file, e.g.,
|
|
||||||
<samp>/usr/bin/trn</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A single link is insufficient to support full use of an alternate program;
|
|
||||||
normally, manual pages, and possibly other supporting files must be selected as
|
|
||||||
well. The Perl script <samp>update-alternatives</samp> provides a way of
|
|
||||||
ensuring that all the files associated with a specified package are selected as
|
|
||||||
a system default.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, to check what executables provide `x-window-manager', run:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
update-alternatives --display x-window-manager
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you want to change it, run:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
update-alternatives --config x-window-manager
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
And follow the instructions on the screen (basically, press the number next to
|
|
||||||
the entry you'd like better).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If a package doesn't register itself as a window manager for some reason (file
|
|
||||||
a bug if it's in error), or if you use a window manager from /usr/local
|
|
||||||
directory, the selections on screen won't contain your preferred entry. You
|
|
||||||
can update the link through command line options, like this:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/x-window-manager \
|
|
||||||
x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs 50
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The first argument to `--install' option is the symlink that points to
|
|
||||||
/etc/alternatives/NAME, where NAME is the second argument. The third argument
|
|
||||||
is the program to which /etc/alternatives/NAME should point to, and the fourth
|
|
||||||
argument is the priority (larger value means the alternative will more probably
|
|
||||||
get picked automatically).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
To remove an alternative you added, simply run:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
update-alternatives --remove x-window-manager /usr/local/bin/wmaker-cvs
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 11 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-customizing.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,407 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
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<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - General information about the FAQ</title>
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<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
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<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="prev">
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<link href="index.en.html" rel="next">
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<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
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<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
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<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
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<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
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<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
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<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
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<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
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<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
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<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
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<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
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<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
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<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
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<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
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<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
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||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
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||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
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||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
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||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-faqinfo"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 16 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 16 - General information about the FAQ
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-authors"></a>16.1 Authors</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The first edition of this FAQ was made and maintained by J.H.M. Dassen (Ray)
|
|
||||||
and Chuck Stickelman. Authors of the rewritten Debian GNU/Linux FAQ are Susan
|
|
||||||
G. Kleinmann and Sven Rudolph. After them, the FAQ was maintained by Santiago
|
|
||||||
Vila and, later, by Josip Rodin. The current maintainer is Javier
|
|
||||||
Fernandez-Sanguino.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Parts of the information came from:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian-1.1 release announcement, by <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.perens.com/">Bruce Perens</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Linux FAQ, by <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~ijackson/">Ian Jackson</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://lists.debian.org/">Debian Mailing Lists
|
|
||||||
Archives</a></code>,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
the dpkg programmers' manual and the Debian Policy manual (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs">What other documentation exists on and
|
|
||||||
for a Debian system?, Section 12.1</a>)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
many developers, volunteers, and beta testers, and
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
the flaky memories of its authors. :-)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Kamaraju Kusumanchi's <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://people.cornell.edu/pages/kk288/debian_choosing_distribution.html">Choosing
|
|
||||||
a Debian distribution FAQ</a></code>, who graciously made it GPL so I could
|
|
||||||
include it as a new chapter (see <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">Choosing a
|
|
||||||
Debian distribution, Chapter 3</a>)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The authors would like to thank all those who helped make this document
|
|
||||||
possible.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
All warranties are disclaimed. All trademarks are property of their respective
|
|
||||||
trademark owners.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-feedback"></a>16.2 Feedback</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Comments and additions to this document are always welcome. Please send e-mail
|
|
||||||
to <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="mailto:doc-debian@packages.debian.org">doc-debian@packages.debian.org</a></code>,
|
|
||||||
or submit a wishlist bug report against the <code><code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://bugs.debian.org/debian-faq">debian-faq</a></code></code> package.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-latest"></a>16.3 Availability</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The latest version of this document can be viewed on the Debian WWW pages at
|
|
||||||
<code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/">http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
It is also available for download in plain text, HTML, PostScript and PDF
|
|
||||||
formats at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#faq">http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#faq</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
Also, there are several translations there.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This document is available in the <code>debian-faq</code> package.
|
|
||||||
Translations are available in <code>debian-faq-de</code>,
|
|
||||||
<code>debian-faq-fr</code> and other packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The original SGML files used to create this document are also available in
|
|
||||||
<code>debian-faq</code>'s source package, or in SVN at:
|
|
||||||
<samp>svn://svn.debian.org/svn/ddp/manuals/trunk/debian-faq</samp> and <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/ddp/manuals/trunk/debian-faq/">http://svn.debian.org/viewsvn/ddp/manuals/trunk/debian-faq/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-docformat"></a>16.4 Document format</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This document was written using the DebianDoc SGML DTD (rewritten from LinuxDoc
|
|
||||||
SGML). DebianDoc SGML systems enables us to create files in a variety of
|
|
||||||
formats from one source, e.g. this document can be viewed as HTML, plain text,
|
|
||||||
TeX DVI, PostScript, PDF, or GNU info.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Conversion utilities for DebianDoc SGML are available in Debian package
|
|
||||||
<code>debiandoc-sgml</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 16 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-faqinfo.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,756 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - The Debian FTP archives</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
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|
||||||
<body>
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||||||
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|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-ftparchives"></a></p>
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<hr>
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||||||
<p>
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[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">previous</a> ]
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[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
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[ 6 ]
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[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 6 - The Debian FTP archives
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-dists"></a>6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are three major distributions: the "stable" distribution, the
|
|
||||||
"testing" distribution, and the "unstable" distribution.
|
|
||||||
The "testing" distribution is sometimes `frozen' (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="#s-frozen">What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?, Section
|
|
||||||
6.5.1</a>). Next to these, there is the "oldstable" distribution
|
|
||||||
(that's just the one from before "stable"), and the
|
|
||||||
"experimental" distribution.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Experimental is used for packages which are still being developed, and with a
|
|
||||||
high risk of breaking your system. It's used by developers who'd like to study
|
|
||||||
and test bleeding edge software. Users shouldn't be using packages from here,
|
|
||||||
because they can be dangerous and harmful even for the most experienced people.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
See <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">Choosing a Debian distribution, Chapter 3</a>
|
|
||||||
for help when choosing a Debian distribution.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-codenames"></a>6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
They are just "codenames". When a Debian distribution is in the
|
|
||||||
development stage, it has no version number but a codename. The purpose of
|
|
||||||
these codenames is to make easier the mirroring of the Debian distributions (if
|
|
||||||
a real directory like <samp>unstable</samp> suddenly changed its name to
|
|
||||||
<samp>stable</samp>, a lot of stuff would have to be needlessly downloaded
|
|
||||||
again).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Currently, <samp>stable</samp> is a symbolic link to <samp>etch</samp> (i.e.
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux 4.0) and <samp>testing</samp> is a symbolic link to
|
|
||||||
<samp>lenny</samp>. This means that <samp>etch</samp> is the current stable
|
|
||||||
distribution and <samp>lenny</samp> is the current testing distribution.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<samp>unstable</samp> is a permanent symbolic link to <samp>sid</samp>, as
|
|
||||||
<samp>sid</samp> is always the unstable distribution (see <a href="#s-sid">What
|
|
||||||
about "sid"?, Section 6.3</a>).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-oldcodenames"></a>6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Other codenames that have been already used are: <samp>buzz</samp> for release
|
|
||||||
1.1, <samp>rex</samp> for release 1.2, <samp>bo</samp> for releases 1.3.x,
|
|
||||||
<samp>hamm</samp> for release 2.0, <samp>slink</samp> for release 2.1,
|
|
||||||
<samp>potato</samp> for release 2.2, <samp>woody</samp> for release 3.0,
|
|
||||||
<samp>sarge</samp> for release 3.1, and <samp>etch</samp> for release 4.0.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-sourceforcodenames"></a>6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
So far they have been characters taken from the movie "Toy Story" by
|
|
||||||
Pixar.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>buzz</em> (Buzz Lightyear) was the spaceman,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>rex</em> was the tyrannosaurus,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>bo</em> (Bo Peep) was the girl who took care of the sheep,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>hamm</em> was the piggy bank,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>slink</em> (Slinky Dog (R)) was the toy dog,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>potato</em> was, of course, Mr. Potato (R),
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>woody</em> was the cowboy,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>sarge</em> was the sergeant of the Green Plastic Army Men,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>etch</em> was the toy blackboard (Etch-a-Sketch (R)),
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>lenny</em> was the binoculars.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>sid</em> was the boy next door who destroyed toys.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-sid"></a>6.3 What about "sid"?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>sid</em> or <em>unstable</em> is the place where most of the packages are
|
|
||||||
initially uploaded. It will never be released directly, because packages which
|
|
||||||
are to be released will first have to be included in <em>testing</em>, in order
|
|
||||||
to be released in <em>stable</em> later on. sid contains packages for both
|
|
||||||
released and unreleased architectures.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The name "sid" also comes from the "Toy Story" animated
|
|
||||||
motion picture: Sid was the boy next door who destroyed toys :-)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f2" name="fr2">2</a>]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-stable"></a>6.4 What does the stable directory contain?</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
stable/main/: This directory contains the packages which formally constitute
|
|
||||||
the most recent release of the Debian GNU/Linux system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
These packages all comply with the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract#guidelines">Debian Free Software
|
|
||||||
Guidelines</a></code>, and are all freely usable and distributable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
stable/non-free/: This directory contains packages distribution of which is
|
|
||||||
restricted in a way that requires that distributors take careful account of the
|
|
||||||
specified copyright requirements.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, some packages have licenses which prohibit commercial
|
|
||||||
distribution. Others can be redistributed but are in fact shareware and not
|
|
||||||
free software. The licenses of each of these packages must be studied, and
|
|
||||||
possibly negotiated, before the packages are included in any redistribution
|
|
||||||
(e.g., in a CD-ROM).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
stable/contrib/: This directory contains packages which are DFSG-free and
|
|
||||||
<em>freely distributable</em> themselves, but somehow depend on a package that
|
|
||||||
is <em>not</em> freely distributable and thus available only in the non-free
|
|
||||||
section.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-testing"></a>6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Packages are installed into the `testing' directory after they have undergone
|
|
||||||
some degree of testing in <a href="#s-unstable">unstable</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
They must be in sync on all architectures where they have been built and
|
|
||||||
mustn't have dependencies that make them uninstallable; they also have to have
|
|
||||||
fewer release-critical bugs than the versions currently in testing. This way,
|
|
||||||
we hope that `testing' is always close to being a release candidate.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
More information about the status of "testing" in general and the
|
|
||||||
individual packages is available at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/devel/testing">http://www.debian.org/devel/testing</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-frozen"></a>6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
When the "testing" distribution is mature enough, the release manager
|
|
||||||
starts `freezing' it. The normal propagation delays are increased to ensure
|
|
||||||
that as little as possible new bugs from "unstable" enter
|
|
||||||
"testing".
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
After a while, the "testing" distribution becomes truly `frozen'.
|
|
||||||
This means that all new packages that are to propagate to the
|
|
||||||
"testing" are held back, unless they include release-critical bug
|
|
||||||
fixes. The "testing" distribution can also remain in such a deep
|
|
||||||
freeze during the so-called `test cycles', when the release is imminent.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
We keep a record of bugs in the "testing" distribution that can hold
|
|
||||||
off a package from being released, or bugs that can hold back the whole
|
|
||||||
release. For details, please see <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/testing/">current testing release
|
|
||||||
information</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Once that bug count lowers to maximum acceptable values, the frozen
|
|
||||||
"testing" distribution is declared "stable" and released
|
|
||||||
with a version number.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
With each new release, the previous "stable" distribution becomes
|
|
||||||
obsolete and moves to the archive. For more information please see <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/distrib/archive">Debian archive</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-unstable"></a>6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The `unstable' directory contains a snapshot of the current development system.
|
|
||||||
Users are welcome to use and test these packages, but are warned about their
|
|
||||||
state of readiness. The advantage of using the unstable distribution is that
|
|
||||||
you are always up-to-date with the latest in GNU/Linux software industry, but
|
|
||||||
if it breaks: you get to keep both parts :-)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are also main, contrib and non-free subdirectories in `unstable',
|
|
||||||
separated on the same criteria as in `stable'.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-dirtree"></a>6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The software that has been packaged for Debian GNU/Linux is available in one of
|
|
||||||
several directory trees on each Debian mirror site.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The <samp>dists</samp> directory is short for "distributions", and it
|
|
||||||
is the canonical way to access the currently available Debian releases (and
|
|
||||||
pre-releases).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The <samp>pool</samp> directory contains the actual packages, see <a
|
|
||||||
href="#s-pools">What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?, Section 6.10</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are the following supplementary directories:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>/tools/</em>:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
DOS utilities for creating boot disks, partitioning your disk drive,
|
|
||||||
compressing/decompressing files, and booting Linux.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>/doc/</em>:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The basic Debian documentation, such as this FAQ, the bug reporting system
|
|
||||||
instructions, etc.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>/indices/</em>:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
various indices of the site (the Maintainers file and the override files).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>/project/</em>:</dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
mostly developer-only materials and some miscellaneous files.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-archsections"></a>6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Within each of the major directory trees[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f3"
|
|
||||||
name="fr3">3</a>], there are three sets of subdirectories containing index
|
|
||||||
files.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There's one set of <samp>binary-<var>something</var></samp> subdirectories
|
|
||||||
which contain index files for binary packages of each available computer
|
|
||||||
architecture, for example <samp>binary-i386</samp> for packages which execute
|
|
||||||
on Intel x86 PC machines or <samp>binary-sparc</samp> for packages which
|
|
||||||
execute on Sun SPARCStations.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The complete list of available architectures for each release is available at
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/releases/">the release's web
|
|
||||||
page</a></code>. For the current release, please see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches">On what hardware architectures/systems does
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux run?, Section 4.1</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The index files in binary-* are called Packages(.gz, .bz2) and they include a
|
|
||||||
summary of each binary package that is included in that distribution. The
|
|
||||||
actual binary packages reside in the top level <a
|
|
||||||
href="#s-pools"><samp>pool</samp> directory</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Furthermore, there's a subdirectory called source/ which contains index files
|
|
||||||
for source packages included in the distribution. The index file is called
|
|
||||||
Sources(.gz, .bz2).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Last but not least, there's a set of subdirectories meant for the installation
|
|
||||||
system index files, they are at
|
|
||||||
<samp>debian-installer/binary-<var>architecture</var></samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-source"></a>6.9 Where is the source code?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Source code is included for everything in the Debian system. Moreover, the
|
|
||||||
license terms of most programs in the system <em>require</em> that source code
|
|
||||||
be distributed along with the programs, or that an offer to provide the source
|
|
||||||
code accompany the programs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The source code is distributed in the <samp>pool</samp> directory (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="#s-pools">What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?, Section 6.10</a>)
|
|
||||||
together with all the architecture-specific binary directories. To retrieve
|
|
||||||
the source code without having to be familiar with the structure of the FTP
|
|
||||||
archive, try a command like <samp>apt-get source mypackagename</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Some packages are only distributed as source code due to the restrictions in
|
|
||||||
their licenses. Notably, one such package is <samp>pine</samp>, see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine">Where is pine?, Section 5.10</a> for more
|
|
||||||
information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Source code may or may not be available for packages in the "contrib"
|
|
||||||
and "non-free" directories, which are not formally part of the Debian
|
|
||||||
system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-pools"></a>6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Packages are kept in a large `pool', structured according to the name of the
|
|
||||||
source package. To make this manageable, the pool is subdivided by section
|
|
||||||
(`main', `contrib' and `non-free') and by the first letter of the source
|
|
||||||
package name. These directories contain several files: the binary packages for
|
|
||||||
each architecture, and the source packages from which the binary packages were
|
|
||||||
generated.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can find out where each package is placed by executing a command like
|
|
||||||
<samp>apt-cache showsrc mypackagename</samp> and looking at the `Directory:'
|
|
||||||
line. For example, the <samp>apache</samp> packages are stored in
|
|
||||||
<samp>pool/main/a/apache/</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Additionally, since there are so many <samp>lib*</samp> packages, these are
|
|
||||||
treated specially: for instance, libpaper packages are stored in
|
|
||||||
<samp>pool/main/libp/libpaper/</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[<a href="footnotes.en.html#f4" name="fr4">4</a>]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-incoming"></a>6.11 What is "incoming"?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
After a developer uploads a package, it stays for a short while in the
|
|
||||||
"incoming" directory before it is checked that it's genuine and
|
|
||||||
allowed into the archive.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Usually nobody should install things from this place. However, in some rare
|
|
||||||
cases of emergency, the incoming directory is available at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://incoming.debian.org/">http://incoming.debian.org/</a></code>. You
|
|
||||||
can manually fetch packages, check the GPG signature and MD5sums in the
|
|
||||||
.changes and .dsc files, and then install them.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-ownrepository"></a>6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you have built some private Debian packages which you'd like to install
|
|
||||||
using the standard Debian package management tools, you can set up your own
|
|
||||||
apt-able package archive. This is also useful if you'd like to share your
|
|
||||||
Debian packages while these are not distributed by the Debian project.
|
|
||||||
Instructions on how to do this are given in the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/repository-howto/repository-howto">Debian
|
|
||||||
Repository HOWTO</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 6 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-ftparchives.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,451 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-getting"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 2 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 2 - Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The official document giving installation instructions is the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
Installation Guide</a></code>. We'll give some additional notes about getting
|
|
||||||
and installing Debian GNU/Linux here.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-version"></a>2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Currently there are three versions of Debian GNU/Linux:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>release 4.0, a.k.a. the `stable' distribution or etch</em></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This is stable and well tested software, it changes if major security or
|
|
||||||
usability fixes are incorporated.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>the `testing' distribution, currently called lenny</em></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This is where packages that will be released as the next `stable' are placed;
|
|
||||||
they've had some testing in unstable but they may not be completely fit for
|
|
||||||
release yet. This distribution is updated more often than `stable', but not
|
|
||||||
more often than `unstable'.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
<dl>
|
|
||||||
<dt><em>the `unstable' distribution</em></dt>
|
|
||||||
<dd>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This is the version currently under development; it is updated continuously.
|
|
||||||
You can retrieve packages from the `unstable' archive on any Debian FTP site
|
|
||||||
and use them to upgrade your system at any time, but you may not expect the
|
|
||||||
system to be as usable or as stable as before - that's why it's called
|
|
||||||
`<strong>unstable</strong>'!
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</dd>
|
|
||||||
</dl>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Please see <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists">How many Debian
|
|
||||||
distributions are there?, Section 6.1</a> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-updatestable"></a>2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
No new functionality is added to the stable release. Once a Debian version is
|
|
||||||
released and tagged `stable' it will only get security updates. That is, only
|
|
||||||
packages for which a security vulnerability has been found after the release
|
|
||||||
will be upgraded. All the security updates are served through <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="ftp://security.debian.org">security.debian.org</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Security updates serve one purpose: to supply a fix for a security
|
|
||||||
vulnerability. They are not a method for sneaking additional changes into the
|
|
||||||
stable release without going through normal point release procedure.
|
|
||||||
Consequently, fixes for packages with security issues will not upgrade the
|
|
||||||
software. The Debian Security Team will backport the necessary fixes to the
|
|
||||||
version of the software distributed in `stable' instead.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For more information related to security support please read the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/security/faq">Security FAQ</a></code> or the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/">Debian
|
|
||||||
Security Manual</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-boot-floppies"></a>2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can get the installation disks by downloading the appropriate files from
|
|
||||||
one of the <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/list">Debian
|
|
||||||
mirrors</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Please refer to <code><a href="http://www.debian.org/CD">Debian GNU/Linux on
|
|
||||||
CDs</a></code> for more information about CD (and DVD) images.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-cdrom"></a>2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Installing Debian from CD is straightforward: configure your system for booting
|
|
||||||
off a CD, insert your CD, and reboot. Your system will now be running the
|
|
||||||
Debian Installer. See the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
Installation Guide</a></code> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-cdimage-symlinks"></a>2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Official Debian CD images indeed contain symlinks like:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
/dists/frozen -> etch/
|
|
||||||
/dists/stable -> etch/
|
|
||||||
/dists/testing -> etch/
|
|
||||||
/dists/unstable -> etch/
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
so that they work when your sources.list has an entry like
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
deb cdrom:[<name as on cd label>]/ unstable main [...]
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The fact these symlinks are present does <em>not</em> mean the image is
|
|
||||||
`unstable' or `testing' or anything. Read the CD label in
|
|
||||||
<code>/.disk/info</code> to find out which Debian version it contains. This
|
|
||||||
information is also present in <code>/README.txt</code> on the CD.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Read <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/">http://www.debian.org/releases/</a></code>
|
|
||||||
to find out what the current `stable' and `testing' releases are.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-remoteinstall"></a>2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. You can boot the Debian installation system from a set of files you can
|
|
||||||
download from our FTP site and its mirrors.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can download a small CD image file, create a bootable CD from it, install
|
|
||||||
the basic system from it and the rest over the network. For more information
|
|
||||||
please see <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/">http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can also download even smaller floppy disk image files, create bootable
|
|
||||||
diskettes from them, start the installation procedure and get the rest of
|
|
||||||
Debian over the network.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-alternativebootinstaller"></a>2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. Apart from CD or DVD, you can install Debian GNU/Linux by booting from
|
|
||||||
floppy disks, USB memory stick, directly from hard disk, or using TFTP net
|
|
||||||
booting. For installing on multiple computers it's possible to do fully
|
|
||||||
automatic installations. NB: not all methods are supported by all computer
|
|
||||||
architectures. Once the installer has booted, the rest of the system can be
|
|
||||||
downloaded over the network, or installed from local media. See the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
Installation Guide</a></code> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 2 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-getting.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Debian and the kernel</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-kernel"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 10 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 10 - Debian and the kernel
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-non-debian-kernel"></a>10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There's only one common catch: the Debian C libraries are built with the most
|
|
||||||
recent <em>stable</em> releases of the <strong>kernel</strong> headers. If you
|
|
||||||
happen to need to compile a program with kernel headers newer than the ones
|
|
||||||
from the stable branch, then you should either upgrade the package containing
|
|
||||||
the headers (<code>libc6-dev</code>), or use the new headers from an unpacked
|
|
||||||
tree of the newer kernel. That is, if the kernel sources are in
|
|
||||||
<code>/usr/src/linux</code>, then you should add
|
|
||||||
<samp>-I/usr/src/linux/include/</samp> to your command line when compiling.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-customkernel"></a>10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Users who wish to (or must) build a custom kernel are encouraged to download
|
|
||||||
the package <code>kernel-package</code>. This package contains the script to
|
|
||||||
build the kernel package, and provides the capability to create a Debian
|
|
||||||
<code>linux-image-<var>version</var></code> package just by running the command
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
make-kpkg --initrd kernel_image
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
in the top-level kernel source directory. Help is available by executing the
|
|
||||||
command
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
make-kpkg --help
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
and through the manual page <code>make-kpkg(1)</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Users must separately download the source code for the most recent kernel (or
|
|
||||||
the kernel of their choice) from their favorite Linux archive site, unless a
|
|
||||||
<code>linux-source-<var>version</var></code> package is available (where
|
|
||||||
<var>version</var> stands for the kernel version).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Detailed instructions for using the <code>kernel-package</code> package are
|
|
||||||
given in the file <code>/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/README.gz</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-custombootdisk"></a>10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This task is greatly aided by the Debian package <code>boot-floppies</code>,
|
|
||||||
normally found in the <samp>admin</samp> section of the Debian FTP archive.
|
|
||||||
Shell scripts in this package produce boot floppies in the
|
|
||||||
<samp>SYSLINUX</samp> format. These are <samp>MS-DOS</samp> formatted floppies
|
|
||||||
whose master boot records have been altered so that they boot Linux directly
|
|
||||||
(or whatever other operating system has been defined in the
|
|
||||||
<code>syslinux.cfg</code> file on the floppy). Other scripts in this package
|
|
||||||
produce emergency root disks and can even reproduce the base disks.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You will find more information about this in the
|
|
||||||
<code>/usr/share/doc/boot-floppies/README</code> file after installing the
|
|
||||||
<code>boot-floppies</code> package.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-modules"></a>10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian's <code>modconf</code> package provides a shell script
|
|
||||||
(<code>/usr/sbin/modconf</code>) which can be used to customize the
|
|
||||||
configuration of modules. This script presents a menu-based interface,
|
|
||||||
prompting the user for particulars on the loadable device drivers in his
|
|
||||||
system. The responses are used to customize the file
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/modules.conf</code> (which lists aliases, and other arguments that
|
|
||||||
must be used in conjunction with various modules) through files in
|
|
||||||
<code>/etc/modutils/</code>, and <code>/etc/modules</code> (which lists the
|
|
||||||
modules that must be loaded at boot time).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Like the (new) <code>Configure.help</code> files that are now available to
|
|
||||||
support the construction of custom kernels, the <code>modconf</code> package
|
|
||||||
comes with a series of help files (in <code>/usr/lib/modules_help/</code>)
|
|
||||||
which provide detailed information on appropriate arguments for each of the
|
|
||||||
modules.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-removeoldkernel"></a>10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. The <code>linux-image-<var>NNN</var>.prerm</code> script checks to see
|
|
||||||
whether the kernel you are currently running is the same as the kernel you are
|
|
||||||
trying to de-install. Therefore you can remove unwanted kernel image packages
|
|
||||||
using this command:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
dpkg --purge linux-image-<var>NNN</var>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
(replace <var>NNN</var> with your kernel version and revision number, of
|
|
||||||
course)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
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[ 10 ]
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[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
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[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">next</a> ]
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</p>
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<hr>
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||||||
<p>
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|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
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||||||
|
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||||||
<address>
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|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
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||||||
<br>
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|
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Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
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<br>
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</address>
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ch-kernel.en.html
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Changes expected in the next major release of Debian</title>
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<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
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<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="prev">
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<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="next">
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<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
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<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
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|
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<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
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<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
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<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
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<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
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<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
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<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
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<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
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|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-nexttime"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 15 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 15 - Changes expected in the next major release of Debian
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-i18n"></a>15.1 Extended support for non-English users</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian already has very good support for non-English users, see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish">How does Debian support non-English
|
|
||||||
languages?, Section 5.9</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
We hope to find people who will provide support for even more languages, and
|
|
||||||
translate. Some programs already support internationalization, so we need
|
|
||||||
message catalogs translators. Many programs still remain to be properly
|
|
||||||
internationalized.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The GNU Translation Project <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ABOUT-NLS">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ABOUT-NLS</a></code>
|
|
||||||
works on internationalizing the GNU programs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Specifically for Debian lenny, we're working on things like the following:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
I18n support in all debconf-using packages: Packages using the Debian
|
|
||||||
configuration management must allow for translation of all messages displayed
|
|
||||||
to the user during package configuration.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
I18n support for package descriptions: Update package management frontends to
|
|
||||||
use the translated descriptions of packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
UTF-8 debian/changelog and debian/control. This way, e.g. names of people
|
|
||||||
from asian countries can get typeset the right way in changelogs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-dependencybasedboot"></a>15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Work is being done on <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://wiki.debian.org/LSBInitScripts/DependencyBasedBoot">converting the
|
|
||||||
Debian boot sequence</a></code> to use dynamic and dependency based ordering
|
|
||||||
instead of hardcoded sequence numbers. Once that's finished, Debian systems
|
|
||||||
will boot much faster.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-di"></a>15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Lots of work has been done on the Debian Installer, resulting in major
|
|
||||||
improvements. We'll mention just two of them here.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Starting the installer from Microsoft Windows: It is now possible to start the
|
|
||||||
installer directly from Microsoft Windows without the need to change BIOS
|
|
||||||
settings. Upon insertion of a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or USB stick, an autorun program
|
|
||||||
will be started, offering a step-by-step process to start the Debian Installer.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The debian-installer now includes experimental support for installing Debian on
|
|
||||||
systems with Serial ATA RAID.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-morearches"></a>15.4 More architectures</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Complete Debian system on other architectures such as <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://wiki.debian.org/ArmEabiPort">ARM EABI</a></code> (referred to as
|
|
||||||
"armel") (next to the old "arm") will likely get supported
|
|
||||||
with lenny. Support for <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://wiki.debian.org/SHPort">SuperH</a></code> is expected soon.
|
|
||||||
Notice that even though some architectures are dropped for a given the release
|
|
||||||
there still might be a way to install and upgrade using the latest
|
|
||||||
<samp>sid</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-morekernels"></a>15.5 More kernels</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In addition to Debian GNU/Hurd, Debian is being ported also to BSD kernels,
|
|
||||||
namely to <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/">FreeBSD</a></code>. This port
|
|
||||||
runs on both AMD64 ("kfreebsd-amd64") and traditional Intel
|
|
||||||
("kfreebsd-i386").
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 15 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-nexttime.en.html
|
|
||||||
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Load Diff
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-pkg_basics.en.html
|
|
||||||
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Load Diff
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-pkgtools.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,340 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
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||||||
<body>
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||||||
<p><a name="ch-redistrib"></a></p>
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<hr>
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<p>
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[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">previous</a> ]
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[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
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|
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[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 14 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 14 - Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-sellcds"></a>14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Go ahead. You do not need permission to distribute anything we have
|
|
||||||
<em>released</em>, so that you can master your CD as soon as the beta-test
|
|
||||||
ends. You do not have to pay us anything. Of course, all CD manufacturers
|
|
||||||
must honor the licenses of the programs in Debian. For example, many of the
|
|
||||||
programs are licensed under the GPL, which requires you to distribute their
|
|
||||||
source code.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Also, we will publish a list of CD manufacturers who donate money, software,
|
|
||||||
and time to the Debian project, and we will encourage users to buy from
|
|
||||||
manufacturers who donate, so it is good advertising to make donations.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-packagednonfree"></a>14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. While all the main components of Debian are free software, we provide a
|
|
||||||
non-free directory for programs that are not freely redistributable.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
CD manufacturers <em>may</em> be able to distribute the programs we have placed
|
|
||||||
in that directory, depending on the license terms or their private arrangements
|
|
||||||
with the authors of those software packages. CD manufacturers can also
|
|
||||||
distribute the non-free software they get from other sources on the same CD.
|
|
||||||
This is nothing new: free and commercial software are distributed on the same
|
|
||||||
CD by many manufacturers now. Of course we still encourage software authors to
|
|
||||||
release the programs they write as free software.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-childistro"></a>14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. Debian-derived distributions are being created both in close cooperation
|
|
||||||
with the Debian project itself and by external parties. One can use the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://cdd.alioth.debian.org/">Custom Debian
|
|
||||||
Distributions</a></code> framework to work together with Debian; <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.skolelinux.org/">Skolelinux</a></code> is one such project.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are several other Debian-derived distributions already on the market,
|
|
||||||
such as Progeny Debian, Linspire, Knoppix and Ubuntu, that are targeted at a
|
|
||||||
different kind of audience than the original Debian GNU/Linux is, but use most
|
|
||||||
of our components in their product.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian also provides a mechanism to allow developers and system administrators
|
|
||||||
to install local versions of selected files in such a way that they will not be
|
|
||||||
overwritten when other packages are upgraded. This is discussed further in the
|
|
||||||
question on <a href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert">How do I override a file
|
|
||||||
installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?,
|
|
||||||
Section 11.8</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-commercialdebs"></a>14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Go right ahead. The package tool is free software; the packages may or may not
|
|
||||||
be free software, it can install them all.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 14 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-redistrib.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,639 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Software available in the Debian system</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-software"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 5 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 5 - Software available in the Debian system
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-apps"></a>5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Like most Linux distributions, Debian GNU/Linux provides:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
the major GNU applications for software development, file manipulation, and
|
|
||||||
text processing, including gcc, g++, make, texinfo, Emacs, the Bash shell and
|
|
||||||
numerous upgraded Unix utilities,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Perl, Python, Tcl/Tk and various related programs, modules and libraries for
|
|
||||||
each of them,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
TeX (LaTeX) and Lyx, dvips, Ghostscript,
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
the Xorg windowing system, which provides a networked graphical user interface
|
|
||||||
for Linux, and countless X applications including the GNOME, KDE and Xfce
|
|
||||||
desktop environments.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
a full suite of networking applications, including servers for Internet
|
|
||||||
protocols such as HTTP (WWW), FTP, NNTP (news), SMTP and POP (mail) and DNS
|
|
||||||
(name servers); relational databases like PostgreSQL, MySQL; also provided are
|
|
||||||
web browsers including the various Mozilla products [<a
|
|
||||||
href="footnotes.en.html#f1" name="fr1">1</a>],
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
a complete set of office applications, including the OpenOffice.org
|
|
||||||
productivity suite, Gnumeric and other spreadsheets, WYSIWYG editors,
|
|
||||||
calendars.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
More than 18040 packages, ranging from news servers and readers to sound
|
|
||||||
support, FAX programs, database and spreadsheet programs, image processing
|
|
||||||
programs, communications, net, and mail utilities, Web servers, and even
|
|
||||||
ham-radio programs are included in the distribution. Another 560 software
|
|
||||||
suites are available as Debian packages, but are not formally part of Debian
|
|
||||||
due to license restrictions.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-softwareauthors"></a>5.2 Who wrote all that software?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For each package the <em>authors</em> of the program(s) are credited in the
|
|
||||||
file <samp>/usr/share/doc/PACKAGE/copyright</samp>, where PACKAGE is to be
|
|
||||||
substituted with the package's name.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<em>Maintainers</em> who package this software for the Debian GNU/Linux system
|
|
||||||
are listed in the Debian control file (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile">What is a Debian control file?,
|
|
||||||
Section 7.4</a>) that comes with each package. The Debian changelog, in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/usr/share/doc/PACKAGE/changelog.Debian.gz</samp>, mentions the people
|
|
||||||
who've worked on the Debian packaging too.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-pkglist"></a>5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A complete list is available from any of the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist">Debian mirrors</a></code>, in the
|
|
||||||
file <samp>indices/Maintainers</samp>. That file includes the package names
|
|
||||||
and the names and e-mails of their respective maintainers.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The <code><a href="http://packages.debian.org/">WWW interface to the Debian
|
|
||||||
packages</a></code> conveniently summarizes the packages in each of about
|
|
||||||
thirty "sections" of the Debian archive.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-buildenv"></a>5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you want to build packages in your Debian system you will need to have a
|
|
||||||
basic development environment, including a C/C++ compiler and some other
|
|
||||||
essential packages. In order to install this environment you just need to
|
|
||||||
install the <code>build-essential</code>. This package is a meta-package or
|
|
||||||
place-holder package which depends on the standard development tools one needs
|
|
||||||
to build a Debian package.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Some software can, however, need additional software to be rebuilt, including
|
|
||||||
library headers or additional tools such as <code>autoconf</code> or
|
|
||||||
<code>gettext</code>. Debian provides many of the tools needed to build other
|
|
||||||
software as Debian packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Finding which software is precisely required can be tricky, however, unless you
|
|
||||||
are planning on rebuilding Debian packages. This last task is rather easy to
|
|
||||||
do, as official packages have to include a list of the additional software
|
|
||||||
(besides the packages in <code>build-essential</code>) needed to build the
|
|
||||||
pacakge, this is known as <samp>Build-Dependencies</samp>. To install all the
|
|
||||||
packages needed to build a given source package and then build said source
|
|
||||||
package you can just run:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
# apt-get build-dep <var>foo</var>
|
|
||||||
# apt-get source --build <var>foo</var>
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Notice that if you want to build the Linux kernels distributed by Debian you
|
|
||||||
will want to install also the <code>kernel-package</code> package. For more
|
|
||||||
information see <a href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel">What tools does
|
|
||||||
Debian provide to build custom kernels?, Section 10.2</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-missing"></a>5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A list of packages which are still needed to be packaged for Debian exists, the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/devel/wnpp/">Work-Needing and Prospective
|
|
||||||
Packages list</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For more details about adding the missing things, see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib">How can I become a Debian software
|
|
||||||
developer?, Section 13.1</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-no-devs"></a>5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian Policy requires that such symbolic links (to libfoo.so.x.y.z or similar)
|
|
||||||
are placed in separate, development packages. Those packages are usually named
|
|
||||||
libfoo-dev or libfooX-dev (presuming the library package is named libfooX, and
|
|
||||||
X is a whole number).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-java"></a>5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Several <em>free</em> implementations of Java technology are available as
|
|
||||||
Debian packages, providing both Java Development Kits as well as Runtime
|
|
||||||
Environments. You can write, debug and run Java programs using Debian.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Running a Java applet requires a web browser with the capability to recognize
|
|
||||||
and execute them. Several web browsers available in Debian, such as Mozilla or
|
|
||||||
Konqueror, support Java plug-ins that enable running Java applets within them.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Please refer to the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-java-faq/">Debian Java
|
|
||||||
FAQ</a></code> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-isitdebian"></a>5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In order to make sure that your system has been installed from the real Debian
|
|
||||||
base disks check for the existence of <samp>/etc/debian_version</samp> file,
|
|
||||||
which contains a single one-line entry giving the version number of the
|
|
||||||
release, as defined by the package <samp>base-files</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The existence of the program <samp>dpkg</samp> shows that you should be able to
|
|
||||||
install Debian packages on your system, but as the program has been ported to
|
|
||||||
many other operating systems and architectures, this is no longer a reliable
|
|
||||||
method of determining is a system Debian GNU/Linux.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Users should be aware, however, that the Debian system consists of many parts,
|
|
||||||
each of which can be updated (almost) independently. Each Debian
|
|
||||||
"release" contains well defined and unchanging contents. Updates are
|
|
||||||
separately available. For a one-line description of the installation status of
|
|
||||||
package <samp>foo</samp>, use the command <samp>dpkg --list foo</samp>. To
|
|
||||||
view versions of all installed packages, run:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
dpkg -l
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For a more verbose description, use:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
dpkg --status foo
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-nonenglish"></a>5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian GNU/Linux is distributed with keymaps for nearly two dozen keyboards,
|
|
||||||
and with utilities (in the <samp>kbd</samp> package) to install, view, and
|
|
||||||
modify the tables.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The installation prompts the user to specify the keyboard he will use.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Vast majority of the software we packaged supports entering non-US-ASCII
|
|
||||||
characters used in other Latin languages (e.g. ISO-8859-1 or ISO-8859-2), and
|
|
||||||
a number of programs support multi-byte languages such as Japanese or Chinese.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Currently, support for German-, Spanish-, Finnish-, French-, Hungarian-,
|
|
||||||
Italian-, Japanese-, Korean-, Dutch-, Polish-, Portuguese-, Russian-, Turkish-,
|
|
||||||
and Chinese-language manual pages is provided through the
|
|
||||||
<samp>manpages-LANG</samp> packages (where LANG is the two-letter ISO country
|
|
||||||
code). To access an NLS manual page, the user must set the shell LC_MESSAGES
|
|
||||||
variable to the appropriate string.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, in the case of the Italian-language manual pages, LC_MESSAGES
|
|
||||||
needs to be set to 'italian'. The <code>man</code> program will then search
|
|
||||||
for Italian manual pages under <samp>/usr/share/man/it/</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-pine"></a>5.10 Where is pine?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Due to its restrictive license, it's in the non-free area. Moreover, since
|
|
||||||
license does not even allow modified binaries to be distributed, you have to
|
|
||||||
compile it yourself from the source and the Debian patches.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The source package name is <code>pine</code>. You can use the
|
|
||||||
<code>pine-tracker</code> package to be notified about when you need to
|
|
||||||
upgrade.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Note that there are many replacements for both pine and pico, such as
|
|
||||||
<code>mutt</code> and <code>nano</code>, that are located in the main section.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-qmail"></a>5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Dan J. Bernstein used to distribute <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://cr.yp.to/software.html">all software he has written</a></code>
|
|
||||||
with a restrictive license which does not allow modified binaries to be
|
|
||||||
distributed. In november 2007 however, Bernstein said "[...] i have
|
|
||||||
decided to put all of my future and [...] past software into the public
|
|
||||||
domain". See <code><a href="http://cr.yp.to/distributors.html">FAQ from
|
|
||||||
distributors</a></code> for his distribution terms.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
As of 2008-04, <code>daemontools</code>, <code>djbdns</code> and
|
|
||||||
<code>ucspi-tcp</code> are shipped with Debian lenny (in main). As of this
|
|
||||||
writing (2008-04), <code>qmail</code> is not yet packaged for Debian main; see
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://bugs.debian.org/457318">Bug #457318 (ITP
|
|
||||||
qmail)</a></code> for the current status.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
As of 2008-04, <samp>publicfile</samp> and <samp>ezmlm</samp> were still not
|
|
||||||
free software. For <samp>ezmlm</samp>, there's the <code>ezmlm-src</code>
|
|
||||||
package in the non-free area.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-flash"></a>5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian ships both <code>gnash</code> and <code>swfdec</code>: two free SWF
|
|
||||||
movie players.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-googleearth"></a>5.13 Where is Google Earth?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Google Earth is available for GNU/Linux from Google's web site, but is not only
|
|
||||||
not Free Software, but is completely undistributable by a third party.
|
|
||||||
However, <code>googleearth-package</code> (in the contrib-section) might be
|
|
||||||
helpful in using this software.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-voip"></a>5.14 Where is VoIP software?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Two main open protocols are used for Voice Over IP: SIP and H.323. Both are
|
|
||||||
implemented by a wide variety of software in Debian main. <code>ekiga</code>
|
|
||||||
is one of the popular clients.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-nonfreewireless"></a>5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Buy one which does :)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Alternatively, use <code>ndiswrapper</code> to use a driver for Windows (if you
|
|
||||||
have one) on your Linux system. See the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://wiki.debian.org/NdisWrapper">Debian Wiki ndiswapper
|
|
||||||
page</a></code> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 5 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-software.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,679 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
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<body>
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<p><a name="ch-support"></a></p>
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<p>
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|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 12 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 12 - Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-debiandocs"></a>12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?</h2>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Installation instructions for the current release: see <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/installmanual</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux reference covers many aspects of system administration
|
|
||||||
through shell-command examples. Basic tutorials, tips, and other information
|
|
||||||
are provided for many different topics ranging from system administration to
|
|
||||||
programming.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Get it from the <code>debian-reference</code> package, or at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference">http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#quick-reference</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian Policy manual documents the policy requirements for the
|
|
||||||
distribution, i.e. the structure and contents of the Debian archive, several
|
|
||||||
design issues of the operating system etc. It also includes the technical
|
|
||||||
requirements that each package must satisfy to be included in the distribution,
|
|
||||||
and documents the basic technical aspects of Debian binary and source packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Get it from the <code>debian-policy</code> package, or at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#policy">http://www.debian.org/doc/devel-manuals#policy</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Documentation developed by the Debian Documentation Project. It is available
|
|
||||||
at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/doc/">http://www.debian.org/doc/</a></code> and
|
|
||||||
includes user guides, administration guides and security guides for the Debian
|
|
||||||
GNU/Linux operating system.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Documentation on installed Debian packages: Most packages have files that are
|
|
||||||
unpacked into <samp>/usr/share/doc/PACKAGE</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Documentation on the Linux project: The Debian package <code>doc-linux</code>
|
|
||||||
installs all of the most recent versions of the HOWTOs and mini-HOWTOs from the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.tldp.org/">Linux Documentation Project</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Unix-style `man' pages: Most commands have manual pages written in the style of
|
|
||||||
the original Unix 'man' files. For instance, to see the manual page for the
|
|
||||||
command `ls', execute <samp>man ls</samp>. Execute <samp>man man</samp> for
|
|
||||||
more information on finding and viewing manual pages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
New Debian users should note that the 'man' pages of many general system
|
|
||||||
commands are not available until they install these packages:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<samp>man-db</samp>, which contains the <samp>man</samp> program itself, and
|
|
||||||
other programs for manipulating the manual pages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<samp>manpages</samp>, which contains the system manual pages. (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish">How does Debian support non-English
|
|
||||||
languages?, Section 5.9</a>).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
GNU-style `info' pages: User documentation for many commands, particularly GNU
|
|
||||||
tools, is available not in `man' pages, but in `info' files which can be read
|
|
||||||
by the GNU tool <samp>info</samp>, by running <samp>M-x info</samp> within GNU
|
|
||||||
Emacs, or with some other Info page viewer.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Its main advantage over the original `man' pages are that it is a hypertext
|
|
||||||
system. It does <em>not</em> require the WWW, however; <samp>info</samp> can
|
|
||||||
be run from a plain text console. It was designed by Richard Stallman and
|
|
||||||
preceded the WWW.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Note that you may access a lot of documentation on your system by using a WWW
|
|
||||||
browser, through `dwww', `dhelp' or `doccentral' commands, found in respective
|
|
||||||
packages, or by using `yelp'.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-onlineresources"></a>12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. In fact, the main method of support Debian provides to our users is by
|
|
||||||
the way of e-mail. We'll give some details on that, and mention some other
|
|
||||||
useful resources. Even more resources are listed at the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/support">Debian Support webpage</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s12.2.1"></a>12.2.1 Mailing lists</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There are a lot of <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/">Debian-related mailing
|
|
||||||
lists</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
On a system with the <code>doc-debian</code> package installed there is a
|
|
||||||
complete list of mailing lists in
|
|
||||||
<code>/usr/share/doc/debian/mailing-lists.txt</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Debian mailing lists are named following the pattern
|
|
||||||
debian-<var>list-subject</var>. Examples are debian-announce, debian-user,
|
|
||||||
debian-news. To subscribe to any list debian-<var>list-subject</var>, send
|
|
||||||
mail to debian-<var>list-subject</var>-request@lists.debian.org with the word
|
|
||||||
"subscribe" in the Subject: header. Be sure to remember to add
|
|
||||||
<em>-request</em> to the e-mail address when using this method to subscribe or
|
|
||||||
unsubscribe. Otherwise your e-mail will go to the list itself, which could be
|
|
||||||
embarrassing or annoying, depending on your point of view.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can subscribe to mailing lists using the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/subscribe">WWW form</a></code>. You
|
|
||||||
can also un-subscribe using a <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/unsubscribe">WWW form</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The list manager's e-mail address is <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="mailto:listmaster@lists.debian.org">listmaster@lists.debian.org</a></code>,
|
|
||||||
in case you have any trouble.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The mailing lists are public forums. All e-mails sent to the lists are also
|
|
||||||
copied to the public archive, for anybody (even non-subscribers) to browse or
|
|
||||||
search. Please make sure you never send any confidential or unlicensed
|
|
||||||
material to the lists. This includes things like e-mail addresses. Of
|
|
||||||
particular note is the fact that spammers have been known to abuse e-mail
|
|
||||||
addresses posted to our mailing lists. See the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/index.en.html#disclaimer">Mailing
|
|
||||||
Lists Privacy policy</a></code> for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Archives of the Debian mailing lists are available via WWW at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://lists.debian.org/">http://lists.debian.org/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h4><a name="s-mailinglistconduct"></a>12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?</h4>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
When using the Debian mailing lists, please follow these rules:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Do not send spam. See the <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/MailingLists/#ads">Debian mailing list advertising
|
|
||||||
policy</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Do not flame; it is not polite. The people developing Debian are all
|
|
||||||
volunteers, donating their time, energy and money in an attempt to bring the
|
|
||||||
Debian project together.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Do not use foul language; besides, some people receive the lists via packet
|
|
||||||
radio, where swearing is illegal.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Make sure that you are using the proper list. <em>Never</em> post your
|
|
||||||
(un)subscription requests to the mailing list itself[<a
|
|
||||||
href="footnotes.en.html#f7" name="fr7">7</a>]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
See section <a href="#s-bugreport">How do I report a bug in Debian?, Section
|
|
||||||
12.5</a> for notes on reporting bugs.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s12.2.2"></a>12.2.2 Web forums</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://debianhelp.org/">debianHELP</a></code> and <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://forums.debian.net/">Debian User Forums</a></code> are web forums
|
|
||||||
on which you can submit questions about Debian and have them answered by other
|
|
||||||
users. (These are not officially part of the Debian project.)
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s12.2.3"></a>12.2.3 Wiki</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Solutions to common problems, howto's, guides, tips and other documentation can
|
|
||||||
be found at the constantly changing <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://wiki.debian.org/">Debian Wiki</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s12.2.4"></a>12.2.4 Maintainers</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Users can address questions to individual package maintainers using e-mail. To
|
|
||||||
reach a maintainer of a package called xyz, send e-mail to
|
|
||||||
<em>xyz@packages.debian.org</em>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s12.2.5"></a>12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Users should post non-Debian-specific questions to one of the Linux USENET
|
|
||||||
groups, which are named comp.os.linux.* or linux.*. There are several lists of
|
|
||||||
Linux Usenet newsgroups and other related resources on the WWW, e.g. on the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.linux.org/docs/usenet.html">Linux Online</a></code>
|
|
||||||
and <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/helpdesk.php">LinuxJournal</a></code> sites.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-searchtools"></a>12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
There is a variety of search engines that serve documentation related to
|
|
||||||
Debian:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://search.debian.org/">Debian WWW search site</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://groups.google.com/">Google Groups</a></code>: a search
|
|
||||||
engine for newsgroups.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, to find out what experiences people have had with finding drivers
|
|
||||||
for Promise controllers under Debian, try searching on the phrase <samp>Promise
|
|
||||||
Linux driver</samp>. This will show you all the postings that contain these
|
|
||||||
strings, i.e. those where people discussed these topics. If you add
|
|
||||||
<samp>Debian</samp> to those search strings, you'll also get the postings
|
|
||||||
specifically related to Debian.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Any of the common web spidering engines, such as <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.altavista.com/">AltaVista</a></code> or <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.google.com/">Google</a></code>, as long as you use the right
|
|
||||||
search terms.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For example, searching on the string "cgi-perl" gives a more detailed
|
|
||||||
explanation of this package than the brief description field in its control
|
|
||||||
file.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-buglogs"></a>12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Reports on unsolved (and closed) issues are publicly available: Debian
|
|
||||||
promissed to do so by stating "We will not hide problems" in the
|
|
||||||
<code><a href="http://www.debian.org/social_contract">Debian Social
|
|
||||||
Contract</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux distribution has a bug tracking system (BTS) which files
|
|
||||||
details of bugs reported by users and developers. Each bug is given a number,
|
|
||||||
and is kept on file. Once it has been dealt with, it is marked as such.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Copies of this information are available at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/Bugs/">http://www.debian.org/Bugs/</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A mail server provides access to the bug tracking system database via e-mail.
|
|
||||||
In order to get the instructions, send an e-mail to request@bugs.debian.org
|
|
||||||
with "help" in the body.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-bugreport"></a>12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you have found a bug in Debian, please read the instructions for reporting a
|
|
||||||
bug in Debian. These instructions can be obtained in one of several ways:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
From the WWW. A copy of the instructions is shown at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting">http://www.debian.org/Bugs/Reporting</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
On any Debian system with the <code>doc-debian</code> package installed. The
|
|
||||||
instructions are in the file
|
|
||||||
<code>/usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt</code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
<ul>
|
|
||||||
<li>
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
By anonymous FTP. Debian mirror sites contain the instructions in the file
|
|
||||||
<samp>doc/bug-reporting.txt</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
</li>
|
|
||||||
</ul>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can use the package <code>reportbug</code> that will guide you through the
|
|
||||||
reporting process and mail the message to the proper address, with some extra
|
|
||||||
details about your system added automatically. It will also show you a list of
|
|
||||||
bugs already reported to the package you are reporting against in case your bug
|
|
||||||
has been reported previously, so that you can add additional information to the
|
|
||||||
existing bug report.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Expect to get an automatic acknowledgement of your bug report. It will also be
|
|
||||||
automatically given a bug tracking number, entered into the bug log and
|
|
||||||
forwarded to the debian-bugs-dist mailing list.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-uptodate.en.html">9</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 12 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-support.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,636 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p><a name="ch-uptodate"></a></p>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 9 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Chapter 9 - Keeping your Debian system up-to-date
|
|
||||||
</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
A Debian goal is to provide a consistent upgrade path and a secure upgrade
|
|
||||||
process. We always do our best to make upgrading to new releases a smooth
|
|
||||||
procedure. In case there's some important note to add to the upgrade process,
|
|
||||||
the packages will alert the user, and often provide a solution to a possible
|
|
||||||
problem.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You should also read the Release Notes document that describes the details of
|
|
||||||
specific upgrades. It is shipped on all Debian CDs and available on the WWW at
|
|
||||||
<code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-howtocurrent"></a>9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
One could simply execute an anonymous ftp call to a Debian archive, then peruse
|
|
||||||
the directories until one finds the desired file, and then fetch it, and
|
|
||||||
finally install it using <samp>dpkg</samp>. Note that <samp>dpkg</samp> will
|
|
||||||
install upgrade files in place, even on a running system. Sometimes, a revised
|
|
||||||
package will require the installation of a newly revised version of another
|
|
||||||
package, in which case the installation will fail until/unless the other
|
|
||||||
package is installed.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Many people find this approach much too time-consuming, since Debian evolves so
|
|
||||||
quickly -- typically, a dozen or more new packages are uploaded every week.
|
|
||||||
This number is larger just before a new major release. To deal with this
|
|
||||||
avalanche, many people prefer to use a more automated method. Several
|
|
||||||
different packages are available for this purpose:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-aptitude-upgrade"></a>9.1.1 aptitude</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
APT is an advanced interface to the Debian packaging system. It features
|
|
||||||
complete installation ordering, multiple source capability and several other
|
|
||||||
unique features, see the User's Guide in
|
|
||||||
<samp>/usr/share/doc/apt-doc/guide.html/index.html</samp> (you will have to
|
|
||||||
install the <samp>apt-doc</samp> package).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code>aptitude</code> is the recommended package manager for Debian GNU/Linux
|
|
||||||
systems. It is a text-based interface to APT using the curses library, and can
|
|
||||||
be used to perform management tasks in a fast and easy way.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Before you can use <code>aptitude</code>, you'll have to edit the
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up. If you wish to upgrade
|
|
||||||
to the latest stable version of Debian, you'll probably want to use a source
|
|
||||||
like this one:
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
You can replace ftp.us.debian.org with the name of a faster Debian mirror near
|
|
||||||
you. See the mirror list at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/mirror/list">http://www.debian.org/mirror/list</a></code>
|
|
||||||
for more information.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
More details on this can be found in the <code>sources.list(8)</code> manual
|
|
||||||
page.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
To update your system, run
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
aptitude update
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
followed by
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
aptitude dist-upgrade
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See
|
|
||||||
also <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 8.1.3</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-apt"></a>9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code>apt-get</code> is an APT-based command-line tool for handling packages,
|
|
||||||
and the APT dselect method is an interface to APT through <code>dselect</code>.
|
|
||||||
Both of these provide a simple, safe way to install and upgrade packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
To use <code>apt-get</code>, install the <code>apt</code> package, and edit the
|
|
||||||
<samp>/etc/apt/sources.list</samp> file to set it up, just as for <a
|
|
||||||
href="#s-aptitude-upgrade">aptitude, Section 9.1.1</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Then run
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
apt-get update
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
followed by
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
apt-get dist-upgrade
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Answer any questions that might come up, and your system will be upgraded. See
|
|
||||||
also the <code>apt-get(8)</code> manual page, as well as <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get">APT, Section 8.1.2</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
To use APT with <code>dselect</code>, choose the APT access method in dselect's
|
|
||||||
method selection screen (option 0) and then specify the sources that should be
|
|
||||||
used. The configuration file is <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code>. See also
|
|
||||||
<a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect">dselect, Section 8.1.6.1</a>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you want to use CDs to install packages, you can use <code>apt-cdrom</code>.
|
|
||||||
For details, please see the Release Notes, section "Setting up for an
|
|
||||||
upgrade from a local mirror".
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Please note that when you get and install the packages, you'll still have them
|
|
||||||
kept in your /var directory hierarchy. To keep your partition from
|
|
||||||
overflowing, remember to delete extra files using <samp>apt-get clean</samp>
|
|
||||||
and <samp>apt-get autoclean</samp>, or to move them someplace else (hint: use
|
|
||||||
<code>apt-move</code>).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-update_aptitude"></a>9.1.3 aptitude</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code>aptitude</code> is a text-based interface to the Debian package system.
|
|
||||||
It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package
|
|
||||||
management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages (see <a
|
|
||||||
href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude">aptitude, Section 8.1.3</a>). Actions
|
|
||||||
may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-line.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
In command line, the actions are similar to that of APT, so to upgrade your
|
|
||||||
system run
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
aptitude update
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
followed by
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
aptitude dist-upgrade
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
To upgrade from a preview release, <code>aptitude</code> is the tool
|
|
||||||
recommended. Read the Release Notes at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes">http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/releasenotes</a></code>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For details, see the manual page <code>aptitude(8)</code>, and the file
|
|
||||||
<code>/usr/share/aptitude/README</code>
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-mirror"></a>9.1.4 mirror</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
This Perl script, and its (optional) manager program called
|
|
||||||
<code>mirror-master</code>, can be used to fetch user-specified parts of a
|
|
||||||
directory tree from a specified host <em>via</em> anonymous FTP.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code>mirror</code> is particularly useful for downloading large volumes of
|
|
||||||
software. After the first time files have been downloaded from a site, a file
|
|
||||||
called <samp>.mirrorinfo</samp> is stored on the local host. Changes to the
|
|
||||||
remote file system are tracked automatically by <code>mirror</code>, which
|
|
||||||
compares this file to a similar file on the remote system and downloads only
|
|
||||||
changed files.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The <code>mirror</code> program is generally useful for updating local copies
|
|
||||||
of remote directory trees. The files fetched need not be Debian files. (Since
|
|
||||||
<code>mirror</code> is a Perl script, it can also run on non-Unix systems.)
|
|
||||||
Though the <code>mirror</code> program provides mechanisms for excluding files
|
|
||||||
names of which match user-specified strings, this program is most useful when
|
|
||||||
the objective is to download whole directory trees, rather than selected
|
|
||||||
packages.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h3><a name="s-dpkg-mountable"></a>9.1.5 dpkg-mountable</h3>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
dpkg-mountable adds an access method called `mountable' to dselect's list,
|
|
||||||
which allows you to install from any file system specified in /etc/fstab. For
|
|
||||||
example, the archive could be a normal hard disk partition or an NFS server,
|
|
||||||
which it will automatically mount and umount for you if necessary.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
It also has some extra features not found in the standard dselect methods, such
|
|
||||||
as provision for a local file tree (either parallel to the main distribution or
|
|
||||||
totally separate), and only getting packages which are required, rather than
|
|
||||||
the time-consuming recursive directory scan, as well as logging of all dpkg
|
|
||||||
actions in the install method.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-upgradesingle"></a>9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
No. Packages can be upgraded in place, even in running systems. Debian has a
|
|
||||||
<samp>start-stop-daemon</samp> program that is invoked to stop, then restart
|
|
||||||
running process if necessary during a package upgrade.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-savedebs"></a>9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
No. If you have downloaded the files to your disk then after you have
|
|
||||||
installed the packages, you can remove them from your system, e.g. by running
|
|
||||||
<samp>aptitude clean</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-keepingalog"></a>9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Passing the <samp>--log</samp>-option to <code>dpkg</code> makes
|
|
||||||
<code>dpkg</code> log status change updates and actions. It logs both the
|
|
||||||
<code>dpkg</code>-invokation (e.g.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
2005-12-30 18:10:33 install hello 1.3.18 2.1.1-4
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
) and the results (e.g.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
2005-12-30 18:10:35 status installed hello 2.1.1-4
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
) If you'd like to log all your <code>dpkg</code> invokations (even those done
|
|
||||||
using frontends like <code>aptitude</code>), you could add
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
log /var/log/dpkg.log
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
to your <code>/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg</code>. Be sure the created logfile gets
|
|
||||||
rotated periodically. If you're using <code>logrotate</code>, this can be
|
|
||||||
achieved by creating a file <code>/etc/logrotate.d/dpkg</code> with contents
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<pre>
|
|
||||||
/var/log/dpkg {
|
|
||||||
missingok
|
|
||||||
notifempty
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
</pre>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
More details on <code>dpkg</code> logging can be found in the
|
|
||||||
<code>dpkg(1)</code> manual page.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code>aptitude</code> logs the package installations, removals, and upgrades
|
|
||||||
that it intends to perform to <code>/var/log/aptitude</code>. Note that the
|
|
||||||
<em>results</em> of those actions are not recorded in this file!
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Another way to record your actions is to run your package management session
|
|
||||||
within the <code>script(1)</code> program.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-autoupdate"></a>9.5 Can I automatically update the system?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Yes. You can use <code>cron-apt</code>, this tool updates the system at
|
|
||||||
regular interval by using a cron job. By default it just updates the package
|
|
||||||
list and download new packages without installing.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Note: Automatic upgrade of packages is <strong>NOT</strong> recommended in
|
|
||||||
<em>testing</em> or <em>unstable</em> systems as this might bring unexpected
|
|
||||||
behaviour and remove packages without notice.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a name="s-aptproxy"></a>9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?</h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
If you have more than one Debian machine on your network, it is useful to use
|
|
||||||
<code>apt-proxy</code> to keep all of your Debian systems up-to-date.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<code>apt-proxy</code> reduces the bandwidth requirements of Debian mirrors by
|
|
||||||
restricting the frequency of Packages, Releases and Sources file updates from
|
|
||||||
the back end and only doing a single fetch for any file, independently of the
|
|
||||||
actual request it from the proxy. <code>apt-proxy</code> automatically builds
|
|
||||||
a Debian HTTP mirror based on requests which pass through the proxy.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
For more details, see the apt-proxy homepage at <code><a
|
|
||||||
href="http://apt-proxy.sourceforge.net/">http://apt-proxy.sourceforge.net/</a></code>
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Of course, you can get the same benefit if you are already using a standard
|
|
||||||
caching proxy and all your systems are configured to use it.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">previous</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="index.en.html#contents">Contents</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-basic_defs.en.html">1</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-getting.en.html">2</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-choosing.en.html">3</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-compat.en.html">4</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-software.en.html">5</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html">6</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html">7</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html">8</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ 9 ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">10</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-customizing.en.html">11</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-support.en.html">12</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-contributing.en.html">13</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-redistrib.en.html">14</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-nexttime.en.html">15</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html">16</a> ]
|
|
||||||
[ <a href="ch-kernel.en.html">next</a> ]
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
ch-uptodate.en.html
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1,294 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<title>The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ - Footnotes</title>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html" rel="start">
|
|
||||||
<link href=".en.html" rel="prev">
|
|
||||||
<link href=".en.html" rel="next">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#contents" rel="contents">
|
|
||||||
<link href="index.en.html#copyright" rel="copyright">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html" rel="chapter" title="1 Definitions and overview">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html" rel="chapter" title="2 Getting and installing Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="3 Choosing a Debian distribution">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html" rel="chapter" title="4 Compatibility issues">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html" rel="chapter" title="5 Software available in the Debian system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html" rel="chapter" title="6 The Debian FTP archives">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html" rel="chapter" title="7 Basics of the Debian package management system">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html" rel="chapter" title="8 The Debian package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html" rel="chapter" title="9 Keeping your Debian system up-to-date">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html" rel="chapter" title="10 Debian and the kernel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="11 Customizing your installation of Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html" rel="chapter" title="12 Getting support for Debian GNU/Linux">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html" rel="chapter" title="13 Contributing to the Debian Project">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html" rel="chapter" title="14 Redistributing Debian GNU/Linux in a commercial product">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html" rel="chapter" title="15 Changes expected in the next major release of Debian">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html" rel="chapter" title="16 General information about the FAQ">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisfaq" rel="section" title="1.1 What is this FAQ?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-whatisdebian" rel="section" title="1.2 What is Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-linux" rel="section" title="1.3 OK, now I know what Debian is... what is Linux?!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-non-linux" rel="section" title="1.4 Does Debian just do GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-difference" rel="section" title="1.5 What is the difference between Debian GNU/Linux and other Linux distributions? Why should I choose Debian over some other distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-gnu" rel="section" title="1.6 How does the Debian project fit in or compare with the Free Software Foundation's GNU project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-basic_defs.en.html#s-pronunciation" rel="section" title="1.7 How does one pronounce Debian and what does this word mean?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-version" rel="section" title="2.1 What is the latest version of Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-updatestable" rel="section" title="2.2 Are there package upgrades in `stable'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-boot-floppies" rel="section" title="2.3 Where/how can I get the Debian installation disks?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdrom" rel="section" title="2.4 How do I install the Debian from CD-ROMs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-cdimage-symlinks" rel="section" title="2.5 Why does the official stable released CD-ROM contain symlinks for `frozen' and `unstable'? I thought this CD contains just `stable'!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-remoteinstall" rel="section" title="2.6 Can I get and install Debian directly from a remote Internet site?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-getting.en.html#s-alternativebootinstaller" rel="section" title="2.7 Are there any alternative strategies for booting the system installer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1" rel="section" title="3.1 Which Debian distribution (stable/testing/unstable) is better for me?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2" rel="section" title="3.2 But what about Knoppix, Linex, Ubuntu, and others?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-arches" rel="section" title="4.1 On what hardware architectures/systems does Debian GNU/Linux run?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherdistribs" rel="section" title="4.2 How compatible is Debian with other distributions of Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherunices" rel="section" title="4.3 How source code compatible is Debian with other Unix systems?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-otherpackages" rel="section" title="4.4 Can I use Debian packages (".deb" files) on my Red Hat/Slackware/... Linux system? Can I use Red Hat packages (".rpm" files) on my Debian GNU/Linux system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-non-debian-programs" rel="section" title="4.5 How should I install a non-Debian program?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-termcap" rel="section" title="4.6 Why can't I compile programs that require libtermcap?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-accelx" rel="section" title="4.7 Why can't I install AccelX?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-compat.en.html#s-motifnls" rel="section" title="4.8 Why do my old XFree 2.1 Motif applications crash?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-apps" rel="section" title="5.1 What types of applications and development software are available for Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-softwareauthors" rel="section" title="5.2 Who wrote all that software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pkglist" rel="section" title="5.3 How can I get a current list of programs that have been packaged for Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-buildenv" rel="section" title="5.4 How can I install a developer's environment to build packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-missing" rel="section" title="5.5 What is missing from Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-no-devs" rel="section" title="5.6 Why do I get "ld: cannot find -lfoo" messages when compiling programs? Why aren't there any libfoo.so files in Debian library packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-java" rel="section" title="5.7 (How) Does Debian support Java?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-isitdebian" rel="section" title="5.8 How can I check that I am using a Debian system, and what version is it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonenglish" rel="section" title="5.9 How does Debian support non-English languages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-pine" rel="section" title="5.10 Where is pine?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-qmail" rel="section" title="5.11 Where is qmail/ezmlm/djbdns?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-flash" rel="section" title="5.12 Where is a player for Flash (SWF)?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-googleearth" rel="section" title="5.13 Where is Google Earth?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-voip" rel="section" title="5.14 Where is VoIP software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-software.en.html#s-nonfreewireless" rel="section" title="5.15 I have a wireless network card which doesn't work with Linux. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dists" rel="section" title="6.1 How many Debian distributions are there?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-codenames" rel="section" title="6.2 What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sid" rel="section" title="6.3 What about "sid"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-stable" rel="section" title="6.4 What does the stable directory contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-testing" rel="section" title="6.5 What does the testing distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-unstable" rel="section" title="6.6 What does the unstable distribution contain?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-dirtree" rel="section" title="6.7 What are all those directories at the Debian FTP archives?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-archsections" rel="section" title="6.8 What are all those directories inside <samp>dists/stable/main</samp>?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-source" rel="section" title="6.9 Where is the source code?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-pools" rel="section" title="6.10 What's in the <samp>pool</samp> directory?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-incoming" rel="section" title="6.11 What is "incoming"?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-ownrepository" rel="section" title="6.12 How do I set up my own apt-able repository?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-package" rel="section" title="7.1 What is a Debian package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-deb-format" rel="section" title="7.2 What is the format of a Debian binary package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgname" rel="section" title="7.3 Why are Debian package file names so long?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-controlfile" rel="section" title="7.4 What is a Debian control file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-conffile" rel="section" title="7.5 What is a Debian conffile?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-maintscripts" rel="section" title="7.6 What is a Debian preinst, postinst, prerm, and postrm script?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-priority" rel="section" title="7.7 What is an <em>Essential</em>, <em>Required</em>, <em>Important</em>, <em>Standard</em>, <em>Optional</em>, or <em>Extra</em> package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-virtual" rel="section" title="7.8 What is a Virtual Package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-depends" rel="section" title="7.9 What is meant by saying that a package <em>Depends</em>, <em>Recommends</em>, <em>Suggests</em>, <em>Conflicts</em>, <em>Replaces</em> or <em>Provides</em> another package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pre-depends" rel="section" title="7.10 What is meant by Pre-Depends?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-pkgstatus" rel="section" title="7.11 What is meant by <em>unknown</em>, <em>install</em>, <em>remove</em>, <em>purge</em> and <em>hold</em> in the package status?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-puttingonhold" rel="section" title="7.12 How do I put a package on hold?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcepkgs" rel="section" title="7.13 How do I install a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-sourcebuild" rel="section" title="7.14 How do I build binary packages from a source package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkg_basics.en.html#s-creatingdebs" rel="section" title="7.15 How do I create Debian packages myself?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-pkgprogs" rel="section" title="8.1 What programs does Debian provide for managing its packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-updaterunning" rel="section" title="8.2 Debian claims to be able to update a running program; how is this accomplished?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-whatpackages" rel="section" title="8.3 How can I tell what packages are already installed on a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-listfiles" rel="section" title="8.4 How to display the files of a package installed?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-filesearch" rel="section" title="8.5 How can I find out what package produced a particular file?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-datapackages" rel="section" title="8.6 Why doesn't get `foo-data' removed when I uninstall `foo'? How do I make sure old unused library-packages get purged?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-howtocurrent" rel="section" title="9.1 How can I keep my Debian system current?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-upgradesingle" rel="section" title="9.2 Must I go into single user mode in order to upgrade a package?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-savedebs" rel="section" title="9.3 Do I have to keep all those .deb archive files on my disk?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-keepingalog" rel="section" title="9.4 How can I keep a log of the packages I added to the system? I'd like to know when which package upgrades and removals have occured!">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-autoupdate" rel="section" title="9.5 Can I automatically update the system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptproxy" rel="section" title="9.6 I have several machines how can I download the updates only one time?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-non-debian-kernel" rel="section" title="10.1 Can I install and compile a kernel without some Debian-specific tweaking?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-customkernel" rel="section" title="10.2 What tools does Debian provide to build custom kernels?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-custombootdisk" rel="section" title="10.3 How can I make a custom boot floppy?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-modules" rel="section" title="10.4 What special provisions does Debian provide to deal with modules?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-kernel.en.html#s-removeoldkernel" rel="section" title="10.5 Can I safely de-install an old kernel package, and if so, how?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-papersize" rel="section" title="11.1 How can I ensure that all programs use the same paper size?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-hardwareaccess" rel="section" title="11.2 How can I provide access to hardware peripherals, without compromising security?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-consolefont" rel="section" title="11.3 How do I load a console font on startup the Debian way?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-appdefaults" rel="section" title="11.4 How can I configure an X11 program's application defaults?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-booting" rel="section" title="11.5 Every distribution seems to have a different boot-up method. Tell me about Debian's.">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-custombootscripts" rel="section" title="11.6 It looks as if Debian does not use <samp>rc.local</samp> to customize the boot process; what facilities are provided?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-interconffiles" rel="section" title="11.7 How does the package management system deal with packages that contain configuration files for other packages?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-divert" rel="section" title="11.8 How do I override a file installed by a package, so that a different version can be used instead?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-localpackages" rel="section" title="11.9 How can I have my locally-built package included in the list of available packages that the package management system knows about?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-customizing.en.html#s-diverse" rel="section" title="11.10 Some users like mawk, others like gawk; some like vim, others like elvis; some like trn, others like tin; how does Debian support diversity?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-debiandocs" rel="section" title="12.1 What other documentation exists on and for a Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-onlineresources" rel="section" title="12.2 Are there any on-line resources for discussing Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-searchtools" rel="section" title="12.3 Is there a quick way to search for information on Debian GNU/Linux?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-buglogs" rel="section" title="12.4 Are there logs of known bugs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-bugreport" rel="section" title="12.5 How do I report a bug in Debian?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contrib" rel="section" title="13.1 How can I become a Debian software developer?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-contribresources" rel="section" title="13.2 How can I contribute resources to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-supportingorganizations" rel="section" title="13.3 How can I contribute financially to the Debian project?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-sellcds" rel="section" title="14.1 Can I make and sell Debian CDs?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-packagednonfree" rel="section" title="14.2 Can Debian be packaged with non-free software?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-childistro" rel="section" title="14.3 I am making a special Linux distribution for a "vertical market". Can I use Debian GNU/Linux for the guts of a Linux system and add my own applications on top of it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-redistrib.en.html#s-commercialdebs" rel="section" title="14.4 Can I put my commercial program in a Debian "package" so that it installs effortlessly on any Debian system?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-i18n" rel="section" title="15.1 Extended support for non-English users">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-dependencybasedboot" rel="section" title="15.2 Faster booting: Dependency based boot sequence">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-di" rel="section" title="15.3 Improvements in the Debian Installer">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morearches" rel="section" title="15.4 More architectures">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-nexttime.en.html#s-morekernels" rel="section" title="15.5 More kernels">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors" rel="section" title="16.1 Authors">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-feedback" rel="section" title="16.2 Feedback">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-latest" rel="section" title="16.3 Availability">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-docformat" rel="section" title="16.4 Document format">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.1" rel="subsection" title="3.1.1 You asked me to install stable, but in stable so and so hardware is not detected/working. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.2" rel="subsection" title="3.1.2 Will there be different different versions of packages in different distributions?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.3" rel="subsection" title="3.1.3 The stable distributions really contains outdated packages. Just look at Kde, Gnome, Xorg or even the kernel. They are very old. Why is it so?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.4" rel="subsection" title="3.1.4 If I were to decide to change to another distribution, Can I do that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.5" rel="subsection" title="3.1.5 Could you tell me whether to install testing or unstable?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.6" rel="subsection" title="3.1.6 You are talking about testing being broken. What do you mean by that?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.7" rel="subsection" title="3.1.7 Why is it that testing could be broken for months? Wont the fixes introduced in unstable flow directly down into testing?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.8" rel="subsection" title="3.1.8 From an administrator's point of view, Which distribution requires more attention?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.9" rel="subsection" title="3.1.9 What happens when a new release is made?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.10" rel="subsection" title="3.1.10 I have a working Desktop/cluster with Debian installed. How do I know which distribution I am running?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.11" rel="subsection" title="3.1.11 I am currently tracking stable. Can I change to testing or unstable? If so, How?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.12" rel="subsection" title="3.1.12 I am currently tracking testing (lenny). What will happen when a release is made? Will I still be tracking testing or will my machine be running the new stable distribution?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.1.13" rel="subsection" title="3.1.13 I am still confused. What did you say I should install?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.1" rel="subsection" title="3.2.1 I know that Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... is Debian-based. So after installing it on the hard disk, can I use 'apt' package tools on it?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.2" rel="subsection" title="3.2.2 I installed Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... on my hard disk. Now I have a problem. What should I do?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-choosing.en.html#s3.2.3" rel="subsection" title="3.2.3 I'm using Knoppix/Linex/Ubuntu/... and now I want to use Debian. How do I migrate?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-oldcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.1 Which other codenames have been used in the past?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-sourceforcodenames" rel="subsection" title="6.2.2 Where do these codenames come from?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#s-frozen" rel="subsection" title="6.5.1 What about "testing"? How is it `frozen'?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg" rel="subsection" title="8.1.1 dpkg">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-apt-get" rel="subsection" title="8.1.2 APT">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-aptitude" rel="subsection" title="8.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-synaptic" rel="subsection" title="8.1.4 synaptic">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-tasksel" rel="subsection" title="8.1.5 tasksel">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-extra" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6 Other package management tools">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dselect" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.1 dselect">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-deb" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.2 dpkg-deb">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#s-dpkg-split" rel="subsection" title="8.1.6.3 dpkg-split">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-aptitude-upgrade" rel="subsection" title="9.1.1 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-apt" rel="subsection" title="9.1.2 apt-get, dselect and apt-cdrom">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-update_aptitude" rel="subsection" title="9.1.3 aptitude">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-mirror" rel="subsection" title="9.1.4 mirror">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-uptodate.en.html#s-dpkg-mountable" rel="subsection" title="9.1.5 dpkg-mountable">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.1" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1 Mailing lists">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s-mailinglistconduct" rel="subsection" title="12.2.1.1 What is the code of conduct for the mailing lists?">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.2" rel="subsection" title="12.2.2 Web forums">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.3" rel="subsection" title="12.2.3 Wiki">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.4" rel="subsection" title="12.2.4 Maintainers">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-support.en.html#s12.2.5" rel="subsection" title="12.2.5 Usenet newsgroups">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-SPI" rel="subsection" title="13.3.1 Software in the Public Interest">
|
|
||||||
<link href="ch-contributing.en.html#s-FSF" rel="subsection" title="13.3.2 Free Software Foundation">
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</head>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h1>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
<br>Footnotes</h1>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-software.en.html#fr1" name="f1">1</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
These have been, however, rebranded and are provided with different names due
|
|
||||||
to trademark issues
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#fr2" name="f2">2</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
When the present-day sid did not exist, the FTP site organization had one major
|
|
||||||
flaw: there was an assumption that when an architecture is created in the
|
|
||||||
current unstable, it will be released when that distribution becomes the new
|
|
||||||
stable. For many architectures that isn't the case, with the result that those
|
|
||||||
directories had to be moved at release time. This was impractical because the
|
|
||||||
move would chew up lots of bandwidth.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The archive administrators worked around this problem for several years by
|
|
||||||
placing binaries for unreleased architectures in a special directory called
|
|
||||||
"sid". For those architectures not yet released, the first time they
|
|
||||||
were released there was a link from the current stable to sid, and from then on
|
|
||||||
they were created inside the unstable tree as normal. This layout was somewhat
|
|
||||||
confusing to users.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
With the advent of package pools (see <a href="#s-pools">What's in the
|
|
||||||
<samp>pool</samp> directory?, Section 6.10</a>), binary packages began to be
|
|
||||||
stored in a canonical location in the pool, regardless of the distribution, so
|
|
||||||
releasing a distribution no longer causes large bandwidth consumption on the
|
|
||||||
mirrors (there is, however, a lot of gradual bandwidth consumption throughout
|
|
||||||
the development process).
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#fr3" name="f3">3</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
<samp>dists/stable/main</samp>, <samp>dists/stable/contrib</samp>,
|
|
||||||
<samp>dists/stable/non-free</samp>, and <samp>dists/unstable/main/</samp>, etc.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-ftparchives.en.html#fr4" name="f4">4</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Historically, packages were kept in the subdirectory of <samp>dists</samp>
|
|
||||||
corresponding to which distribution contained them. This turned out to cause
|
|
||||||
various problems, such as large bandwidth consumption on mirrors when major
|
|
||||||
changes were made. This was fixed with the introduction of the package pool.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The <samp>dists</samp> directories are still used for the index files used by
|
|
||||||
programs like <samp>apt</samp>.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#fr5" name="f5">5</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Notice that there are ports that make this tool available with other package
|
|
||||||
management systems, like Red Hat package manager, also known as
|
|
||||||
<code>rpm</code>
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-pkgtools.en.html#fr6" name="f6">6</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Although this can also lead to systems with more packages installed than they
|
|
||||||
actually need to work.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<h2><a href="ch-support.en.html#fr7" name="f7">7</a></h2>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
Use the debian-<var>list-subject</var>-REQUEST@lists.debian.org address for
|
|
||||||
that.
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<p>
|
|
||||||
The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ
|
|
||||||
</p>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
<address>
|
|
||||||
version 4.0.3, 6 August 2008<br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
Authors are listed at <a href="ch-faqinfo.en.html#s-authors">Debian FAQ Authors</a><br>
|
|
||||||
<br>
|
|
||||||
</address>
|
|
||||||
<hr>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</body>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
</html>
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -1 +0,0 @@
|
||||||
footnotes.en.html
|
|
||||||
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